Tobacco Use And Its Health Consequences Essay - 1670 Words

Introduction Tobacco use, and its health consequences, is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide [1]. Evidence is accumulating that smoking increases the risk of cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases [2]. Despiteproven negative health effects of smoking, it is becoming more prevalent, particularly among adolescents, in the lastdecades [3]. Most researches concerned with adult smoking have reported that the majority of smokers begin to smoke early in the adolescent period, before the age of 18 years [4-6]. Adolescence is a critical period characterized by psychological and behavioral changes that may affect adolescents’ smoking behavior.Several beliefs and attitude are shaped as well in this period [7].This makes school years a crucial period to study not only the smoking prevalence and predictors, but also beliefs and attitudes of adolescents towards smoking during this period. Severalrecent studies have addressed the prevalence and predictors of smoking among Saudi adolescents [8-13].The highest reported prevalence rates of smoking in Saudi adolescents were 37% in Jeddah [8], and 31% and 29% in Riyadh [9-10]. The most important predictors associated with the risk ofadolescent smoking revealed inthose studies were parental and friends’ smoking behavior, teachers’ smoking, academic achievement, school level, age and sex of adolescents. With the exception of one study (13), most published reports on Saudi populationhave failed to clearly addressShow MoreRelatedA Tobacco Free School Environment Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of Policy Tobacco is one of the single most preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. It kills around 6 million people each year, and of that number more than 600,000 deaths are a result of secondhand smoke (World Health Organization, 2016). Even though the rates among youth smoking cigarettes have declined since 2011, more middle schoolers and high schoolers are using tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes, hookahs, and smokeless tobacco. According to the CDCRead MoreTobacco And Its Effect On The Body908 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco was first brought around 6,000 B.C. and was used by Indians in different ways. It was a type of â€Å"religious and medicinal practice† for pain and healing. It’s effects on the body weren’t being discovered until the early 1600s where people began getting sick and it became hard to quit using the substance. About 16.8% of the population smoke tobacco as of 2014 which means that 40 million people smoke in America. Tobacco has been proven to help in medical ways, however, most of the people thatRead MoreThe Case Ban On Tobacco Ads And Talks About The Conflict Of Interests Between Tobacco Producers And The Government Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesessay is a case study analysis that uses the case Ban on Tobacco Ads and talks about the conflict of interests between tobacco producers and the Government of India. In Feb 2001 the Government of India published the news on tabling a bill that bans Tobacco companies on advertising cigarettes and sponsoring the sports and other cultural events. (1) There are several arguments that support the Government’s decision: 1. Protection of people’s health. As World Health Organization states that the 3 millionRead MoreThe Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesThrough with Chew Using smokeless tobacco does not require inhaling smoke into the lungs, so therefore it is completely safer than smoking cigarette, right? Wrong. Unfortunately, â€Å"smokeless† and â€Å"harmless† are not interchangeable terms; as a matter of fact, there is absolutely no such thing as smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco products come in many different shapes and forms, such as dip, chew, and snuff. These types of products allow users to get a kick of nicotine without having to inhale theRead MoreCigarette Smoking Is The Most Common Form Of Tobacco Consumption Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagescigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco consumption; all types of tobacco increase the risk of chronic disease and mortality (World Health Organization [WHO], 2016). These chronic diseases result in long term health consequences, such as dependency on medications and/or physical assistance, which increases work absenteeism and decreases work productivity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). Therefore, the societal consequences of smoking include increased mortality ratesRead MoreGlobal Tobacco Control, An Analysis1502 Words   |  6 Pageslargest tobacco market, Indonesia has become a well-known smoking nation, where approximately 67% of the male population, aged 15 and over, consume an average of 10 cigarettes a day (Nicter et al., 2010). Meanwhile, secondhand smoking becomes a prevalent issue as the Indonesian government fails to enforce strong anti-smoking legislation and educational movements. Indonesia is the one of the few countries who has not signed the World Health Organization’s (2011) Framework Convention on Tobacco ControlRead MoreHow Cigarettes Should Be Banned938 Words   |  4 Pagesdistribution and even the possession of tobacco and cigarettes. Cigarettes should be banned because they have a countless amount of health consequences, tobacco farmers cost the federal government billion to bail them out instead of reinvesting that money to aid in really any other are of farming that is struggling, and lastly because of the environmental impact and footprint that the growing of tobacco and manufacturing of cigarettes produces. The World Health Organization, Food and Drug AdministrationRead MoreThe Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was created on November 21, 1986, the world took a big leap towards a better foundation of health promotion internationally. However, the concept of health and health promotion has drastically changed since  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬1986. New research and supportive evidence has uncovered numerous health emergencies. These problems highlight the limitations of the Canadian public health infrastructure in addressing major public health concerns, proving that the system needsRead MoreTobacco Kills One Person Every Six Seconds (Sahil). The1678 Words   |  7 Pages Tobacco kills one person every six seconds (Sahil). The use of tobacco has been around for many years, and it seems only to be getting worse. The human body is affected in an abundance of ways due to the abuse of tobacco products. If individuals w ould stop the use of tobacco, this would help prevent many diseases, negative health consequences and possibly early death according to their age. Tobacco use is a problem because, it causes numerous health effects on individuals, such as addiction, birthRead MoreTobacco Product Should Be Banned1413 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco Product should be banned According to World health organization –WHO (2014), tobacco keeps on killing 6,000,000 every year globally. Tobacco practice has been going on from ancient times. In ancient time, tobacco was used for smoking and chewing just as it today. But, now it’s time to stop this practice. Because today not only people are dying due to consumption of tobacco products, but also they are suffering from very serious diseases caused by it. Besides it is also carry great risk and

Analysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 988 Words

Do you have the courage to stand up for good when evil lingers all around? To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the great depression, while facing social status discrimination, racial discrimination, prejudices, and stereotyping. However, there remained courage by some to see good in all. While Atticus Finch was of a higher social status as an attorney in Maycomb, he always displayed the courage to stand up for what was right, or for good, even when evil lingered in the shadows. While this story was from great depression, these same issues are still in the world today. Prejudices and stereotyping are very common especially when one looks, or dresses, or talks differently than others. Courage comes into play when one is willing to stand up for those being criticized or for those perceived as being a lower social status. Having courage can show more about a person and who one is regardless of social status even if it is a lower social status. Courage can be viewed or displayed in many ways. Atticus Finch displayed courage when he agreed to take Tom Robinson’s case even though he knew the townspeople of Maycomb would take the side of a low class white man over that of a decent black man. In his discussion with his son Jem, Atticus said â€Å"There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads – they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s, the white man always wins. They’reShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1765 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Of Themes In To Kill A Mockingbird The novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, published in 1960, comes out during a flourishing time of tremendous segregation and injustices in the United States. In fact, during this time in America, Civil Rights Movement are at their peak; also, some residents are pushing for equality for all, during this time period. One of those United States citizens who is exposing the South for what it truly is, is Harper Lee. Harper Lee, born on April 28, 1926Read MoreAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In 1960, Harper Lee published her critically acclaimed book To Kill a Mockingbird. Only a year after being published the American classic novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in fiction as well as the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. Gregory Peck stared as Atticus in the successfully adapted 1962 motion picture of To Kill a Mockingbird that won an Academy Award. This book is based on many childhood experiencesRead MoreEssay on Analysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1323 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is a story of national magnitude that contains complex characters. Harper Lee deals with the emotions and spirits of the characters insightfully. A few of these characters display courage at one point or another in the story. These flashes of courage come during turbulent times of the story, and often led to success. Atticus Finch displayed courage on numerous occasions. Without his wife he had toRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1431 Words   |  6 PagesPrison in To Kill A Mockingbird Historically, women have spent time living in the shadows of men, purely because of their gender. Women are oppressed and expected to conform to certain gender roles/expectations because of their sex, just like men. Caitlyn Jenner is a transgender female. Her name was Bruce Jenner however she felt trapped in a male’s body when deep in side she knew that she was a female. Caitlyn Jenner did not fit well into the stereotypical description of a male. Harper Lee wrote ToRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1078 Words   |  5 Pagesmeans those who are poor have less. In To Kill a Mockingbird many of the poverty struck people are looked down on because of status, and there is little to support why they are. If someone has less, it does not necessarily indicate they are less, they just don’t have the means to be where others are in society. Today, there are many, even some who work, that live in poverty. When they get looked down on it is an injustice to so ciety. In To Kill a Mockingbird, two examples of poverty are the CunninghamsRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee785 Words   |  4 PagesInequality is an issue that the American society has been struggling to solve for generations. Though we would like to say that this problem has been solved throughout time, it sadly has not gotten much better. In the classic novel To Kill A Mockingbird, author Harper Lee takes us back in time to when this issue was more commonly known, the 1930’s. The Finch family had lived in the town of Maycomb for generations and throughout the book it was clearly shown and stated how both women and blacks were seenRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1593 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Major Themes †¢ Standards of behavior †¢ Morals/values †¢ Racism Important Symbols †¢ Mockingbirds (Innocence/ morals and values)– The book depicts mockingbirds as innocent creatures that shouldn’t be harmed since they did nothing to harm others. While practicing with their rifles, Atticus tells Jem and Scout that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. The mockingbirds share a connection with Tom Robinson since they are both innocent and don’t deserve toRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee880 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis on Tom Robinson’s Trial Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is set in a small Southern United States community called Maycomb during the Great Depression era. The whole book primarily revolves around segregation and racism and how it relates to Maycomb’s history. It eventually leads to the trial of Tom Robinson where he is accused of beating up and raping Mayella Ewell. Even though it was clear that Tom Robinson did not do anything wrong he was convicted by an all white jury simply becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1545 Words   |  7 PagesSouth during the 1930’s, Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird was an instant classic that has endured for more than half a century. Still taught in schools and often referenced in popular culture, Lee’s story of the Finch family in tiny Maycomb, Alabama is known as a â€Å"Great American Novel† because of Lee’s entertaining examination of so many timeless, socially relevant themes. T hrough her characters of Atticus Finch, his daughter Scout, and their mysterious neighbor Boo Radley, Lee considers the theme ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee999 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird vs A Time to Kill To Kill a Mockingbird is a classic film, originally published as a novel by Harper Lee in 1960 and republished as a film by Robert Mulligan in 1962. This movie is based on a white attorney, Atticus Finch, defending an African American man, Tom Robinson, which was accused of raping a white woman. This trial illustrates how server racisms was in the early 1960’s. A Time to Kill is the prefect demonstration to show how racism still exists 30 years later. In 1966

Essay on Western Music - 1354 Words

Western Music dates back from 1200 BC. We can divide each major element of Western Music into periods. Some of the major periods of Western Music consist of Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern Music. Each period contributed key elements that have influenced the formation of music. These key periods helped form the musical geniuses;Bach, Beethoven,Mozart,Verdi, and Copland. The Baroque period lasted from 1600-1750. The two best known Baroque composers are Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederick Handel. The music of the period is thick and complex polyphonic texture prevails in many composers works. The music gives a sense of drama and urgency is incorporated into in vocal forms such as the cantata, mass, opera, oratorio and†¦show more content†¦The orchestra gained more color and flexibility as clarinets, flutes, oboes, and bassoons became permanent members of the orchestra. The classical style was dominated by homophony homophony, which consisted of a single melodic line and an accompaniment. New forms of composition were developed to adapt to this style. The most important of these forms was the sonata sonata which was in instrumental music. This form continued to change and evolve throughout the classical period, and it is important to note that the classical sonata was very different from the sonatas written by Baroque composers. The ea rly 1700s reflected a musical style known as Rococo. This style served as a transition from the Baroque to the Classical Era. Rococo, which developed in France, is actually an art term that described a new art style which was both a light and embellished. Musically speaking, it is refered to as style galant. In Germany, after 1750, the style galant became empfindsamer stil. With this change in name came an added element of expressiveness and sentimentality. As classical music evolved, distinctive characteristics developed. Changes in form were seen along with changes in phrase structure. Shorter phraases and well defined cadences became more prevalent. During this time period, a favorite accompaniment pattern was the Alberti bass (name for Dominico Alberti), which featured a broken chord progression. The melodies of the ClassicalShow MoreRelatedMusic Western Civilization Essay1309 Words   |  6 Pageslooks very formal. I plan to focus on both pieces I will listen to both of them o n YouTube and they are both interesting find it interesting how a piano,cello,clarinet and a violin can come together to make a piece. Even though this is not my type of music I will try to enjoy this piece. So I watched Messiaens piece on youtube and judging from the videos this piece has eight movements. The first movement is called liturgy of crystal. This piece has a soft feel to it. But to me its kind of disproportionalRead MoreMusic In Western Europe Essay1942 Words   |  8 PagesMusic Performance in Western Europe Seeing Europe and its many treasures over sixteen days in a life changing experience. Not everyone can say that they got to perform in four different countries across Europe or that they have even been to Europe. From sightseeing in London to performing in the mountains of Switzerland there was never a dull moment in our limited time there. It was amazing how different each city is from each other and the cultural differences we experienced. No matter how differentRead MoreEssay on Western Music vs. Indigenous Music2295 Words   |  10 Pagesreading this paper, is the discrepancies between Indigenous and Western worlds and the way in which they conceptualise music. When understanding music as a tool for reconciliation, it can be defined under any of the headings stated above. The way in which traditional and popular music is discussed in this paper can be identified as ‘a collection of lived practices – a culture (Rigney Hemming, 2011)’. Consequently, contempor ary music (for the Indigenous cause) is better described as a cultural projectRead MoreEssay on Western Influence on Chinese Music1222 Words   |  5 PagesWestern Influence on Chinese Music China has long been the cultural hub of Asia, and has had the longest amount of contact of any Asian country with other Western countries. Ever since the Silk Road was established, China has been trading with other Western countries and exchanging aspects of their cultures with one another. One of these aspects is music. But how exactly has Western music influenced Chinese music? In order to understand this, we must look at the history of Western encountersRead MoreThe Search For Meaning Through Culture1283 Words   |  6 Pagesissued by a government, sovereign, or organization. (The Definition of Manifesto.)† Humanities manifesto would be â€Å"To broaden the knowledge of the arts, music, and literature of Western culture to the youth.† There are 6 main objectives. The first objective is to be able to demonstrate an understanding on major works in art, music, and Western literature (James Larner, Marcia Eppich-Harris, Annie Loechle, James Johnston, and Jeffrey Nelson. ). Through this first objective the youth will be able toRead MoreThe Impact Of World Music On Music And Culture1168 Words   |  5 Pagesworld music and globalization. According to Bohlman, world music is music people face ubiquitously, and includes popular, folk and art music practiced by either professionals or amateurs; it may be Western or non-Western, acoustic, electronic, and so on. Bohlman notes that world music can be marketable, profane, or sacred, and that musicians may highlight genuineness while greatly relying on media to propagate it to as many markets as they can. The consumers of world music may accept the music as howeverRead MoreCree Poetic Discourse By Neal Mcleod1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Power of Evolution In the essay â€Å"Cree Poetic Discourse†, the author Neal McLeod addresses an intellectual problem that the western academic writing approach harms the indigenous Cree narratives. According to McLeod, the Cree narrative process, which involves poetic thinking, embraces new possibilities and keeps changing (9). This evolution process not only depends on various occasions of speaking but also depends on different storytellers and audiences who absorb stories, thus allowing Cree poeticRead MoreAnalysis Of Richard Taruskin No Ear For Music1488 Words   |  6 Pagestheory of music performance. The author of many literary works such as No Ear for Music: The Scary Purity of John Cage is mainly interested in Russian folk literature where he analyzes the historical trends behind every story. The American author is also well-renowned for his famous articles written in The New York Times, for instance, ‘The Danger of Music and other Anti-Utopian Essays’ and others with a s trong relation to social, cultural and political issues in the essays. This essay is a responseRead MoreThe Univeral Language of Music670 Words   |  3 PagesMusic is often called the â€Å"universal language†. Different cultures all around the world use music as a means of expression. In Africa, music varies by region and typically reflects the values of the region. In most western nations, music expresses the values of the society as a whole. Throughout history, music has reflected the social changes, political ideology, and popular beliefs of the time. In the 1960s, many songs were influenced by opposition to the Vietnam War, and thus reflected anti-governmentRead MorePersuasive Essay : Life Is About Rhythm 1443 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Essay Mickey Hart once said, â€Å"Life is about rhythm. We vibrate, our hearts are pumping blood, we are a rhythm machine, that’s what we are.† Percussion has grown to have a vast importance in all forms of modern Western music, because of the incorporation of percussion into both academia and entertainment music. At first, percussion was introduced into Western Classical music as a means of getting exotic and unusual sounds for composers, and that trend continued all throughout the Romantic

The Amendment Of The United States Constitution - 877 Words

The right to vote for American citizens is the fifteen amendment of the United States constitution. In this amendment, no citizen may be deny to vote base on color or race. For this, many more citizens of the United States are able to vote, even if they are a minority. However, the United States does not have a high turnout rate on elections. As a result, voter participation has an effect on public policies; additionally, Americans do not have a strong ethical duty to vote. Therefore, politicians have the power to change concepts in the government. Nonetheless, Americans do not make voting a larger concern as other citizens from other country to vote. Americans do not have the best record on participating in voting for elections or public policies. As a result, many public policy are change in the government. In addition, American do not have high political efficacy, which is a â€Å"citizens’ feelings of effectiveness in political affairs† (Barbour Wright, 2015, p. 516). They do not trust their government to change if they would to vote. Thus, many American will not vote as they feel that their vote will not matter in the government. The low level of voter participation causes for policy to be change or renew, in which they citizen may not like, yet as they did not vote to keep in place or the same. Many policies are change to ideas that American do not like in their government. In all, even if the level of participation were to increase, there will still be an outcome ofShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution833 Words   |  4 Pagescensorship or restraint can be considered as a basic prov ision enshrined in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. To elaborate, the first amendment to the constitution prohibit the legislative arm of government in making of any law abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press and prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. Post this amendment, there have been several cases where the Supreme Court has been required to interpretRead MoreThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution was added as part of the Bill of Rights on December 15, 1791. It deals with protecting people from the searching of their homes and private property without properly executed search warrants. The 4th Amendment specifically states: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported byRead MoreThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution1767 Words   |  8 Pagescaptain’s etc. With the recent rise in officer involved shootings, the demand for less lethal force measures has begun to rise. The eighth amendment of the United States Constitution was made for protection against cruel and unusual punishment; if an officer uses lethal force in an altercation they have deprived that person of their rights. Also the fourteenth amendment gives us the right to due process; lethal force deprives us of that right. There is a saying that has come to light recently that lawRead MoreThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution2174 Words   |  9 PagesThe 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution protects equal rights for everybody. This includes the right to equal opportunity for education for all. Jonathan Kozol, non-fictional writer, is best known for his books on public education in the United States. In his essay â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal: America’s Educational Apartheid†, he talks about segregation in education and provides examples to prove that segregation is regressing all around the country. Everybody deserves the equalRead MoreThe United States Constitution and Its Various Amendments766 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Constitution is a healthy document which still serves our nation exceptionally well and does not need drastic change or revision. Since June twenty first of 1788, when the United States Constitution was ratified in Washington D.C. it has been considered The Law of the Land. Ever since that date, we have followed those rules as the Federal law and overall â€Å"ruling† of our lives. For almost two hundred twenty four years, this has been what our country has been following to thisRead MoreThe First Amendment Of The United States Constitution915 Words   |  4 PagesThese 45 words of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution embody some of our most important ideas about the meaning of liberty. A nationally recognized leader in the field of law related citizen education has truly broken down the importance of the First Amendment and he say, â€Å"Remove the First Amendment from the United States Constitution and you strike out the very means of testing the other rights and of protesting abuses of government.† The First Amendment includes six clauses thatRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1327 Words   |  6 Pagesfourth amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, and was introduced to Congress by James Madison in 1789. The role of the Fourth Amendment is to prohibit unreasonable search and seizure and a warrant is to be required that is supported by probable cause. Even though the Amendment was introduced in 1789, it wasn’t adopted as an official amendment until 1792, because in December of 1791 three quarters of the states had ratified the amendment. The fourth amendment hadRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution applies to a person and their home by providing protection against unreasonable seizures and searches. While it provides protection, not every search and seizure can be deemed unreasonable unless it is cl assified as per the law, by determining whether there was: a) the level of intrusion of the individuals Fourth Amendment, and b) whether or not it pertains to the government’s interest, such as safety of the public. The right to protectionRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of The United States Constitution1774 Words   |  8 PagesIt is not the duty of the federal government to dictate what a citizen chooses to legally defend themselves with. The second amendment of the United States Constitution was ratified on the 15 of December, 1791 and was drafted by future president James Madison. The text of the second amendment reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† There has been much debate in our country regarding theRead MoreFourth Amendment Of United States Constitution1139 Words   |  5 PagesSomalaraju Sateesh Kumar Raju 700628655 1. Fourth amendment of United States Constitution protects people from being undergone unwarranted searches and prevent their things from being taken away by authorities without proper authorization. If any government official or agent want to search an individual or their belongings, they should have proper reason to do that and get permission from the judge. Fourth amendment of United States constitution states that it is â€Å"the right of the people to be secure

Managing People and Organization Functional Business Structure

Question: Describe about the Managing People and Organization for Functional Business Structure. Answer: Introduction: Activities of human resource management for the management of people and organization are in high on demand in the present scenario, where globalization has increased the market competition in different sectors of the industries. Cultural ethics, organizational behavior, a functional structure of the organization, motivation and development of the employees, performance recognition, retention of the talent are the components of human resource management tasks. Human resource management (HRM) supervises all these areas in a company and if required organizes meeting, conferences and other sessions so that continuous synchronization can be held to maintain the integrity within an organization (Armstrong Taylor 2014). This report is focused on the MiningCo. as it is facing few crises in its organization regarding the performance management and motivation among the employees as this company has some operations in the isolated locations. HRM is required to take actions to prevent the workers from deprivation. To give the employees a clear account on the requirement of the company SMART tools has been included in this report. Moreover, there are some issues concerning the present unfavorable incidents across the world whether it is the economic crisis or terrorism; these have resulted into agitation among the senior executives residing onsite. This report has evaluated strategies to overcome this kind of situation. Additionally, this report has also taken attempt to give the suggestion for MiningCo so that it can overcome talent gap by applying crisis management strategies successfully. Selection and function of the emergency management team have also been anchored here to give a proper idea for the MiningCo on the appropriate steps to crisis management. Apart from that, concepts of reward recognition have been discussed during the rational explanation of the administration of the critical situation within a team. This report has shed light upon the primary and essential factors of ideal human resource activities. Recommendations have been given relating to the different negative situation MiningCo is facing currently. It has involved aspects that are effective for the development and enhancement of the skills and knowledge regarding the human resource management and its different dimensions. Recommendation for case 1: For the first case, the central crisis for the company is standard of the skill and performance of the employees. MiningCo operates in isolated locations; this could affect the performance of the skill of the employees due to the demotivation. That is why human resource management can take initiatives like motivational session for the employees so that maximum output from the staffs can be obtained. Motivation is also required for the development of the skill and knowledge that in turn results in fruitful and standard production. Steps for the performance management strategies can be as following: Monitoring on the performance: It is the primary action HRM can take to have the track of the performance of the workers. Based on their performance they can take further steps like the appraisal of the performance or arranging a developmental session for the employees. Appraisal for the performance: Employees who perform outstandingly are the main cause behind the successful business of an organization (Hoarty, Gopal Elwood, 2013). On this regard, HRM of the MiningCo can make the employees motivated by appraising their performance frequently. Focusing on the self-motivation:MiningCo can involve this approach as it highlights the intrinsic factors of an employee those can make the employee capable of evaluating his strength; it shapes the performance of the employees, whereas, if employees are aware of their weakness they can improve their quality of the activity. However, management of the organization must possess a supportive approach towards the employees to prevent any kind of vulnerability among the employees (Pinder, 2014). Fulfillment of the basic needs of the employees: It can be easily explained by the revision of Maslows hierarchy of needs. According to this theory, there are five basic needs of human being that can effect the activity, performance and behavior of them. These needs are physical needs like eating, drinking, sleeping; safety needs, that reflects securities of financial, personal, health issues. Next one is belonging; it depicts that individuals should not be restricted from holding social relationship with other people (McShane Von Glinow, 2015). Moreover, there are a dimension, esteem, that requires the human being to be valued and respected by others. The final component of this theory is self-actualization that presents the potential of an individual. In this phase one can easily understand his own capability and tends to accomplish the activity perfectly. MiningCo can follow this theory to motivate the employees and help them to realize the potentiality lies within them. Explaining the objectives of the organization:This is an important state to give the employees an idea about the company activities and goals of the organization. For the implementation of this approach MiningCo can use the tool of SMART as mentioned below: Specific: This dimension involves the marking of a particular area that needs improvement to obtain a successful business. Measurable: It indicates the parameter to understand the progress of any organization. Employees become aware of the requirement and expectation of the organization required to achieve the success of the company. Assignable: This is the dimension that allows the identification of the particular employees who will be responsible to complete the task efficiently. Realistic: This dimension involves the assessment of the relevant outcome that can be achieved with the help of available resources. Time-related: It measures the estimated time, required for the completion of the project of an organization. This smart tool acts as a guideline for the employees; moreover, it clarifies the importance of the employees and their performance in the context of success of an organization. Recommendation for case 2: Here the main concern is on the point of adopting strategies that can make the employees more attached and loyal to the company even in a critical period of economic stability. Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths (2014), mentioned that during a financial downturn, plunge of employees morale occurs. It is a common issue in organization; lack of conception and understanding about the current global position and the situation of the company in contrast to the scenario tends to create confusion among the employees. Report has been revealed that, having less information on the situation of the company and the decision of the senior authorities increases the insecurity of the job. This can affect the productivity, quality of the production as well as manpower strength of the company. In this study similar problem has been discussed; MiningCo has been facing issues with the employee management as financial constraints of Greece and dreadful activities of ISIS has affected the self-esteem of the exec utives who are executives of the company, located in those affected areas.it has raised a complicated situation as the companies will get heavily affected without any supervision and control of senior authorities. This incident would sequel into unstable organization structure, less motivated employees and poor production. Hence, few strategic approaches are required to be adopted by the employees including comprehensive elements of the human resource programs so that MiningCo can handle this unfavorable situation. Communicating with the employees: This the best option to maintain an uninterrupted flow of information within an organization whether it occurs from the higher level to lower or vice versa. DuBrin(2013), mentioned that, employees must be assured of the fact that the organization is aware of the complicated situation and it will take actions those are not be array with the satisfaction and expectation of the employees. In this case, HRM can organize sessions for both the senior executives and the CEO of the company so that clarification over the stand point of the company regarding the issue can be given. Organizing career development programs:HRM can take strategies to make the employees engaged in the developmental session. Manzoor (2012), suggested career developmental programs help an employee to assess their opportunity during the career in a particular company. In this regard, human resource can record the career goals of each employee so that they can further relate those objectives with the aims and objectives of the company. Most efficient way would be to evaluate the importance of the employees for the productivity of the organization in front of the them(De Waal, 2013); it will help the employees to make out the importance of them for the firm that will in turn uplift the motivation of them. Offering changes: Both the economic, social and political conditions of certain countries have led the company MininCO into a crisis. In this matter, HRM can offer the senior executives opportunities that can facilitate the occurrence of changes in a stagnant situation (Cummings Worley, 2014). Assuring the employee about safety and security: It is common for the employees to feel insecure about their position and future opportunity in the company during a financial downturn(Griffin Hu, 2013). Moreover, the safety of the employees and their family, who are residing in troubled part in overseas must be looked after by the company. MiningCo must assure the employees that the organization will stand by their side in any political, social and financial constraints. Monetary compensation: It is another effective way to make the employees dedicated to the activities of the company.Hill, Jones and Schilling (2014), mentioned that employees show least interest if the company is compensating them while there are crisis regarding the safety and security. MiningCo can offer the employees attractive packages that prevent the employees from leaving the company. In this regard, they can pay bonus, travel allowances, housing allowances, vacation package etc. and lure them to change their mind. Sharing the experiences: This approach requires the senior authorities of the company to share their experience of any critical situation to the employees. Senior management can also explain the strategies they applied to overcome those critical situations (Hong et al., 2013). This step increases the motivational factor of the employees. Moreover, the senior authorities can possess a behavioral approach that makes the employees belief that organization is also sympathetic to their crisis. Apart from that, they can relate the present situation with their experiences so that requirement and queries of the employees can be satisfied. Recommendation for case 3: This part of the study has covered the approaches of human resource management to fill the talent gap in MiningCO. As mentioned by, Aguenza and Som(2012), skill and knowledge are the ultimate properties of a company on which the prosperity of the company depends. That is why retention of the talent is essential for any organization. MiningCo has problems with narrow level of modification of the employees as this company involves operations in different isolated place. Moreover, there are issues with the economic and social unitability that has led to dissatisfaction among the senior employees of the company, located overseas. To overcome these issues talent retention is necessary. Apart from talent retention, one of the major issue is talent gap. After the former employee leaves the company, huge gap of talent occurs. In this concern hiring new employees are not the only solution to replenish the talent gap. As new employees need more time to adjust with the operational requirement, technological set up and strategic approach the productivity and quality of the company could get affected (Mowday, Porter Steers, 2013). Thus, HRM requires strategical planning to counter both talent retention and talent gap for MiningCo. For the talent retention, following steps can be taken by HRM: Reward recognition: It is very effective to increase the loyalty of the employees. An employee is less interested to work for a company where he gets no recognition for his performance. Reward recognition of an employee always influence the spirit of energy and dedication to the work (Sinha Sinha, 2012). Performance of the employees can be monitored in a particular interval of time. Appreciation of his activity will help him to know the validity of his effort. Work-life balance: Rummler and Brache(2012), suggested, least number of people will show interest in a company where employees are supposed to work like the machine does. It means, leisure time is important factor for the employee retention. Giving privilege to employees of spending time with their families is a certain step that motivates people. On addition, benefits like vacations, sufficient amount of casual leave, sick leaves, bereavement leaves are basic criteria that should be availed by the employees. MiningCo can also implant these strategies to divert the deprivation from the employees. Encouraging employees in participation: An employee can only evaluate his importance in an organization when he is given the opportunity to express his opinion and the opinion is getting considered for reviewing (Noe et al. 2014). Management of the company should encourage the staffs in active participation in company activities. Participation of the employees in any decision-making procedure is important to show the significance of their presence and ideas for the organization. Healthy working environment: Maintenance of the surroundings workplace is mandatory for the employee retention. Cooperation, support, team work are major elements that make an employee comfortable in the workplace (Parker, 2014). Moreover, an organization should focus on the balancing of diversity within the company as both the productivity and quality of the service get affected if the employees feel socially, culturally diverted in their own workplace (Alexander, 2013); it leads them to disappointment and depression. This can be a major issue behind the draining of the skill. Therefore, MiningCo should maintain the beat of unity among the employees, who belong to different social, cultural, spiritual and economic background. Evaluation of the individual need:Apgar (2013), mentioned assessment of overall requirements is not sufficient for the employee retention; it requires more than that. Concerning this matter, it can be said that requirement differs from person to person. That is why MiningCo must focus on the assessment of individual requirements. It will also help them to identify the critical and minute areas that can be overlooked while inspecting the overall situation. Management of talent gap: Factors like retirement, draining of the skill influence the rising of critical situation in an organization. It is necessary to replenish the source of production before attrition spreads through the entire organization (Pfeffer Sutton, 2013). On addition, MiningCo has been facing difficulties regarding the employee retention and motivational crisis in their organization. To establish the approach of crisis management few steps can be taken by MiningCo as mentioned below: Selection of the appropriate candidates: While selecting an employee to fill up the skill gap of a team it should be kept on mind that, skill and efficacy of the newly hired employee provides the complementary of the required and expected performance (Johansen, Aggerholm Frandsen, 2012). Keepthe track: This involves the management to keep all the track record of the employees so that the company can have the idea on upcoming difficulties regarding the skill gap. It can be done properly by frequent checking of the present activities of the employees and their opinion on the organization. Organizing workshops: Workshop on the particular criteria helps in provision of the actual requirement. MiningCo can organize workshops regarding their operation and areas of function so that new employees can get an idea about the tasks they are supposed to do. Screening of the skill: this can be done prior to placing an employee into an operation. Tasks can be given to assess the knowledge on the particular topic and skill to accomplish the work. Screening helps to understand the potentiality of an employee (Lerbinger, 2012) Developmental training: It focuses on the evaluation of the employees performance. Management can thus easily assess the standard of the performance of the employees. Employees who need improvement in their skill and knowledge can be supported by the company if it provides them the developmental session (Khan, 2012). Minute details of the requirement in an operation can be discussed in this kind of session. Moreover, the company can suggest the new employee to change their working style so that maximum production can be obtained. Conclusion: Performance management, motivation, employee retention, skill management these are major approaches an organization should involve in their management agenda. In this descriptive report, focus has been given on these criteria for the MiningCo. There are issues like company organizes operations in remote and isolate location. It affected the performance of the employees. To uplift the performance level, strategic implementation of management is required is required. In this concern enhancement of the motivation of the employees is crucial factor. This report has obtained several ways that can improve the motivation of the employees of MiningCo. Appropriate supervision on the employees can help them to know the good and bad of the activities, whereas, appraisal of someones effort makes him feel important for the success of the organization. Clear depiction of the company objectives can be done to make the employees clear about the requirement and expectation from them. The next case, included in this report is recommendation from the is human resource management to make sure the company obtains all its employees when there is financial crisis and social dilemma. To make the approach by HRM, continuous flow of the communication is required between employees and the employer. As the senior executives of MiningCo has shown dissatisfaction, CEO of the company can also come in forth to resolve the solution. Moreover, MiningCo can take another action by organizing career development programs frequently so that, employees can underst and their future prospect in this company. Other suggestions have been also given on the matter of talent retention and management of talent gap by allowing strategies of crisis management. Several approaches like reward recognition, work-life balance, employee participation etc. have been included. Hence, it can be concluded that this report has covered every component of the requirements and stood up to the analytical explanation for those three case studies. Recommendations have been aligned with the case scenario. Therefore, this report is valid for the topic and can be further revised while conducting any extensive research. Reference list: Aguenza, B. B., Som, A. P. M. (2012). Motivational factors of employee retention and engagement in organizations.International journal of advances in management and economics,1(6), 88-95. Alexander, K. (2013).Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Apgar, D. (2013).Risk intelligence: Learning to manage what we don't know. Harvard Business Press. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. De Waal, A. (2013).Strategic Performance Management: A managerial and behavioral approach. Palgrave Macmillan. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Griffin, M. A., Hu, X. (2013). How leaders differentially motivate safety compliance and safety participation: the role of monitoring, inspiring, and learning.Safety science,60, 196-202. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hoarty, N., Gopal, G., Elwood, L. P. (2013). Using Reward Systems to Motivate Employees For Innovation.Global Education Journal,2013(3). Hong, E. N. C., Hao, L. Z., Kumar, R., Ramendran, C., Kadiresan, V. (2012). An effectiveness of human resource management practices on employee retention in institute of higher learning: A regression analysis.International journal of business research and management,3(2), 60-79. Johansen, W., Aggerholm, H. K., Frandsen, F. (2012). Entering new territory: A study of internal crisis management and crisis communication in organizations.Public Relations Review,38(2), 270-279. Khan, M. I. (2012). The impact of training and motivation on performance of employees.Business Review,7(2), 84-95. Lerbinger, O. (2012).The crisis manager. Routledge. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), 1. McShane, S. L., Von Glinow, M. A. (2015). Organizational Behavior 7/e. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013).Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Noe, R. A., Wilk, S. L., Mullen, E. J., Wanek, J. E. (2014). Employee Development: Issues in Construct Definition and Investigation ofAntecedents.Improving Training Effectiveness in WorkOrganizations, ed. JK Ford, SWJ Kozlowski, K. Kraiger, E. Salas, and MS Teachout (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997), 153-189. Parker, S. K. (2014). Beyond motivation: Job and work design for development, health, ambidexterity, and more.Annual review of psychology,65, 661-691. Pfeffer, J., Sutton, R. I. (2013).The knowing-doing gap: How smart companies turn knowledge into action. Harvard Business Press. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Rummler, G. A., Brache, A. P. (2012).Improving performance: How to manage the white space on the organization chart. John Wiley Sons. Sinha, C., Sinha, R. (2012). Factors affecting employee retention: a comparative analysis of two organizations from heavy engineering industry.European journal of business and management,4(3), 145-162.

Design Problem-Solving for Information Technology Practice

Question: Discuss about theDesign Problem-Solving for Information Technology Practice. Answer: Relevant problem-solving methodologies Information Technology Practice and Engineering focus on design and problem-solving. Here, the artifacts must be conceived, established, utilized, modified, maintained as well as retired. During these process, engineers are faced with complex problems which might seem easy to a layperson, but very complex. Such problems show 3 shared features: Firstly, the problem alone is never often identified easily. Usually, view of the customer about the problem is, very imprecise at best, and extremely deceptive at worst. Secondly, problem is always open-ended. No single correct solution. Rather, an assembly of options must be accounted for in an attempt to get the best or even a most appropriate solution. Usually, the best solution shall hinge on objectives or viewpoints of the client (Jones and Jones 2015). Thirdly, at least, there is, in the first phases of the process of design, a considerable absent of info. Engineers have to collect info as required and have to identify, amongst all information that might be gathered, how much and what is essential. Initially, these complex design aspects were ignored in engineering education. Preferably, the focus was on comprehensive examination alongside the difficult, insufficiently defined, aspect of design including identification of problem, conception as well as substitute solution generation. However, there has been an acknowledgment in the recent past that conceptual, innovative, as well as creative design aspects, have shared characteristics irrespective of the particular problem that needs a solution. Consequently, it has been realized that it is feasible for strategies alongside methodologies to be taught for tackling problems. Importantly, many colleges have since ushered project and coursework on methodology of design into curriculum. The system approach and analysis: This resulted from the fact that engineering innovation has become complex and hence the need for system approaches. The complex projects have since become very huge to be addressed by one individual hence teams for design created with a lead-engineer taking a managers role. Project is divided into specific parts which are then allocated to each primary team member. In the massive project as seen in the system hierarchy above, every person manages another engineers group who work on the sub-project. Thus, the systems idea hierarchy and subsystem emerge with accompanying formal mechanism need for handling different teams interactions (Von Hippel and Von Krogh 2015). Previous problem-solving approaches are now employed in every subsystem and system. For example, considering the total cost of a pipeline optimization together with the pump developed for raising water from low-lying reservoir to a raised one, two extremes must be considered. To decrease the flow resistance in a pipe, it might be feasible to utilize a big diameter pipe with small resistance internally; it might be likely to make do with the comparatively small pump. The cost of the pipe would be huge but that of the pump small. Thus, to decrease cost, it will be feasible to utilize a small-sized diameter pipe. Nevertheless, the resistant to flow will subsequently be substantial and even a bigger pump will be required to propel water via the smaller pipeline. Albeit cost of the pipe is low, that of the pump here will be larger. A problem is thus determining an optimum pipe and pump sizes that provide least TC (Sun and Parsons 2017). The above graph illustrates the method used here as the cost is plotted against the pipe and pump size. As the diameter of the pipe surges, the pipeline cost increases as shown by line A. But as the diameter of the pipe surges the flow resistance drops making it feasible to utilize smaller, cheaper pump (Hwang, Hung and Chen 2014). This implies that pumps cots or line B drops as diameter of pipe surges. TC or line C is got through the summation of line B and line C. This illustrates a high TC as 2 peripheries with optimal solution at the TC curves turning point (TP). The TP location recognizes best sizes for pipe and pump. Design: To solve the problem above, we will have the pipes, pumps and the cost required to buy them. This will then help us set the system of optimization of pump/pipeline system. This system as has been shown above will help us arrive at the optimum sizes of both pump and pipe and at the optimum cost yet the resistance to flow will have been extremely reduced (Clark and Mayer 2016). Synthesis alternative/innovative solutions, concepts and procedures The alternatives to this system can be understood by first recognizing that only two variables were used including pipe and pump size. This led to one line with a minimum TP. However, if incase of three variables, the sole line will shift to a 3-D surface, and optimum solution will be provided by a lower point on such a surface. Decision making In applying the decision-making methodologies, this solution appears to be more simple but very efficient, effective and sustainable. This is because the resistance to flow is reduced and the small pump is required to push the flow in the pipeline. The cost is at a minimum, and this means that it can be sustained in the long run even if the pipe and pump are to be replaced (Brown and Chandrasekaran 2014). Implement and test solutions This system can be implemented on a farm where water is to be a pump for irrigation. The test solution is done when the farmer can meet his objective of irrigating his farm with the little cash he has rather than spending a significant amount of complex pipeline and pumping. References Brown, D.C. and Chandrasekaran, B., 2014.Design problem solving: knowledge structures and control strategies. Morgan Kaufmann. Clark, R.C. and Mayer, R.E., 2016.E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. John Wiley Sons. Hwang, G.J., Hung, C.M. and Chen, N.S., 2014. Improving learning achievements, motivations and problem-solving skills through a peer assessment-based game development approach.Educational Technology Research and Development,62(2), pp.129-145. Jones, V. and Jones, L., 2015.Comprehensive classroom management: Creating communities of support and solving problems. Pearson. Sun, L. and Parsons, J., 2017. Design Cognition in 3D Modeling Wearable Product: Exploring Challenges and Transitions for Apparel Designers. Von Hippel, E. and Von Krogh, G., 2015. CrossroadsIdentifying viable needsolution pairs: Problem solving without problem formulation.Organization Science,27(1), pp.207-221.