David Hume s Morality Of Suicide - 1722 Words

David Hume argues against those who oppose the morality of suicide. He approaches this discussion in a philosophical manner and disregards a superstitious mind set as he claims can lead to ‘false opinion’. A man of superstition is prevented from ending his life that is filled with extreme misery because a superstitious deposition adds to the fear of death rendering a man helpless from the control over his own destiny. â€Å"†¦when the menaces of superstition are joined to this natural timidity, no wonder it quite deprives men of all power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hume 292). Hume justifies his claim to the morality of suicide in three arguments; the first is not a demeanor to the duty of God, the second is not a demeanor to the duty to others and the third being not a demeanor to ourselves. Hume introduces his first argument by informing us that general laws of nature that God has created for all beings; animate and inanimate, govern our very existence and behaviour. ‘†¦the almighty Creator has established general and immutable laws by which all bodies from the greatest planet to the smallest particle of matter, are maintained in their proper sphere and function. (Hume 292). God governs animals by giving them ‘bodily and mental powers’ which controls or forces them onto the path they were destined. Hume argues that if a man filled with misery were to kill himself is justifiable because he is acting in accordance with these laws. The life that we are given follows the law of God and if we were to dieShow MoreRelatedKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthat lead to an individual to both reason and feel some sort of emotion. Objectively speaking, there is a no fine line between reasoning and how one feels, however ther e seems to be a distinct difference between the philosophers Immanuel Kant and David Hume views on the matter. Both are life changing philosophers with very opposing views. One sees the feelings in human nature while the other seems to see nothing but rationality. One can argue both are used but according to these two there is only oneRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of morality is the rules for right action and prohibitions against wrong acts. Sometimes morality is the single set of absolute rules and prohibitions that are valid for all men at all times and all societies. More loosely, a morality can be any set of ultimate principles, and there may be any number of moralities in different societies. Examples would be don’t cheat, don’t steal, and treat others as you would want to be treated. When dealing with the philosophers take on morality, there areRead MoreThe Murder Of Roger Ackroyd971 Words   |  4 PagesMorali ty refers to an individual s principles on the distinction between doing what is right and wrong. Morals vary across cultures, but there are several that are universally agreed upon. In the perspective of Enlightenment thinkers, the approach to morality is by affirming objective, universal laws and expressing a moral ideal. [Lecture] However, who decides what is right and wrong and how are morals formed? According to David Hume, reason alone cannot determine morality because reason restsRead MoreA Naturalistic Moral Theory Mill s Utilitarism Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesof the realm of personal autonomy. According to Kant’s view it is a duty to pursue your happiness through the use of reason which gives us the ability to choose our moral projects, as long as you’re not lying, breaking your promises, or committing suicide (or any other duty as determined by the categorical imperative formulations). Kant’s view emphasizes the importance of rationality, consis tency, impartiality, and respect for persons in the way we live our lives. If Kant is correct that moral absolutesRead MoreEssay on week2assignment1564 Words   |  7 Pagescannot limit freedoms of the citizens without forensic evidence. None of the above Study all 40 terms Study 0 î  terms only î   î â€š  Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when judging the morality of an action, but for utilitarians the sole criterion is the actions consequences. True î   î â€š  Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarians using to justify their actions? TheRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide - Good, Bad, Right, Or Wrong?1860 Words   |  8 Pages Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide – Good, Bad, Right, or Wrong? November 17, 2014 Jennifer Mullen South University Online Euthanasia is a term derived from a Greek word meaning happy or fortunate in death. It is most commonly used now to denote the merciful infliction of death [either actively or passively] to avoid torment in fatal and incurable disease, usually by consent of the patient or his family. Tribal Customs: There are accounts of tribes, ancient and moreRead MoreEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pagesunfair judgement on gothic writing during the romantic period. It is a genre that - at its best - can be a profound, complex and moving as any celebrated piece of Romantic literature. It was not until around 1960 that academics like Robert Hume rose to its defence. (Maybe its renewed popularity was something to do with the very unique socio-political situation in the 1960s echoing a the unique situation of the late eighteenth century, the heyday of the genre.) Since then thereRead MoreCriticisms Against Ethical Theories8474 Words   |  34 Pagescreate happiness... I suggest the reason that they are valued is precisely because they promote happiness. But, if they didnt, would we still value them? Does someone who suffers too much still value their life? Surely not, or else there would be no suicides. Do we value a friendship if we get no pleasure from it? On the contrary, it is more likely that we would define our friends as those people about whom we enjoyed being. And is it worthwhile learning and philosophising, if our knowledge is neverRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagespaper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether-David Editorial Director: Paul Ducham Managing Developmental Editor: Laura Hurst Spe ll Developmental Editor: Jane Beck Associate Marketing Manager: Jaime Halteman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Buyer: Kara Kudronowicz Design Coordinator: Margarite ReynoldsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Relationships Are Part Of The Society’S Life. As People

Relationships are part of the society’s life. As people tend to grow up, we get to know the feeling of attraction and being in love towards the opposite sex. However, some people choose to commit to not only one person, but to multiple relationships. This is called an open relationship. Open relationship is an interpersonal relationship where both parties agreed to be together but can develop relationships to other partners as well. Although this multiple commitment seems to be an easy-going and straightforward kind of relationship, conflicts may still arise through this kind of relationship. People are being more open to this kind of relationship, so often that other people think that this certain type of relationship is okay and is a†¦show more content†¦She finds the relationship unhealthy. Thus, she’s now into an open relationship because she does not want her past experience happen again. This is self-justification. We alter our recollections from the past , where we felt unhappy, ashamed angry or emabarrassed, in order to feel good with our past decisions and actions. To test our hypothesis, we will use the Experimental method, where we use scientific research. This is the most helpful method when it comes to determining causal relatons. In addition, we will be using basic research, as we are finding out why certain individuals behave the way they do and it is out of the researcher’s curiosity. The independent variable in this case is the satisfaction rate of open relationships, while the dependent variable is monogamous relationship. Our external validity is generalizability across people, because we conducted an experiment associating populations, and is a replication. With this method, we are conducting the probability level of both relationships. According to Multiamory, they surveyed 502 U.S adults (66% male from Open relationships and 45% from monogamous relationship) 24% of the Westerners Bonquin 3 are more open to non-monogamy, 21% from northeasterners, 19% from the Southerners and 18% from Midwesterners. Meaning, the percentage s from couples who does not allow open relationships areShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Women During The Middle East Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two films and the novel shared, there were also some differences that were representative of the diversity of how women lived and the kind of relationships they had with their male counterparts. These main differences were due mainly because of the wealth, social standing, and how adherent the men that these women had relationships with were to society’s expectations. First and foremost, wealth and social standing were essentially the main determining factors that were indicative of the livesRead MoreFigueroas Framework973 Words   |  4 Pagesan individual’s decision to participate in physical activity. These factors change throughout an individual’s life. For example, some children start playing sport because it is fun; others may join a sporting group because their older brother or sister plays that sport. A new sporting complex may open nearby and provide a chance to try a new sport. Coaching clinics might inspire some people to give a sport a go. Teachers can provide both positive and negative sporting experiences. At school, peersRead MoreAnalysis Of Annie Proulx s Brokeback Mountain 969 Words   |  4 Pagesnext 20 years in discrete locations to satisfy their hunger. In the end, the repression of society and the character’s actions reflect their hopeless homosexual relationship between Jack and Ennis for the audience to realize decision-making is easily influenced from the perception of others. As Jack and Ennis spend more time together, people will start to notice and expose them for who they truly are. The first issue rises since their boss has been watching them as they believed themselves invisibleRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Solo Hop1356 Words   |  6 PagesFor generations, society imprisoned people by declaring certain look or dress attire. Now, with the brand Solo Hop, any male individual can become a unique person rather than an identical collection assigned by others whom believe a certain look or dress attire is the way of life. Solo Hop is a brand that sells clothing for males who challenge society’s rules. My advertisement is incorporated in Maxim’s magazines, which targets single men between the ages of twenty and fifty (Maxim 10). This magazineRead MoreHofstedes Culture Dimensions Theory1112 Words   |  5 Pages What if I told you culture has a bigger role in your life than you think? Well according to Gerard Hendrik Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist, culture is an enormous factor when it comes to analyzing a society’s values and behavior. Hofstede traveled all over the globe and interviewed several employees on their values and with that he developed an immense database that analyzed the ways cultures differ from one another. Hofstede’s culture dimensions theory consists of six dimensions: power distanceRead MoreThe, Marx, Engels, And Freud s Views On Society And Inner Examination Of Self Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pageshumans examined the relationship of our place in society but they presented the concepts differently through outward examinations of the society and the inner examinations of self. Freud attempted to examine how our society viewed the human mind by turning society’s attention inward and exploring the mind’s inner secrets. One of the large discoveries Freud popularized in society was the concept of a conscious and unconscious part of the mind. He believed the unconscious part of the mind was theRead MoreHow the Western Concept of Marriage has Changed Essay990 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"In Western cultures, more than 90 percent of people marry by age 50. Studies show that healthy marriages are good for couples’ mental and physical health† (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). For children, growing up in happy homes help with their mental, physical, educational, and social well-being. Unfortunately, about 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The rate is even higher for subsequent marriages (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). The social institution influence (structural)Read MoreMorality In H uck Finn1339 Words   |  6 PagesThrough his conflict involving his relationships with Jim and society, Twain reveals that morality is formed through experience. Huck’s inner conflict reveals Twain’s attitude that for those who are open-minded, morality is shaped through experience rather than through society’s influence. Huck’s conflict concerning his relationship with Jim reveals Twain’s attitude that for those who are open-minded, morality is shaped through experience rather than through society’s influence. Huck comes across JimRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1113 Words   |  5 PagesThe Problem†¨ As Karl Marx once said, â€Å"religion is the opiate of the masses†. Marx viewed religion as a drug which gives people the comfort and happiness they need. Just like money, he believed that religion is a destructive force which puts people under a spell to maintain control over them. During the Jazz Age, America had an economic growth which swept americans to become part of a â€Å"consumer society†. Throughout this period of time, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote many modernist novels, including TheRead MoreDavid Ives Sure Thing799 Words   |  4 Pagestwo strangers who meet, fall in love and live happily ever after. When analyzed in more depth, the play is actually about the struggle that exists between one’s desire to be an individual and the need to conform, to a certain degree, in order to be part of a couple. The play exposes and discusses the tension that exists between the value of being an individual and value associated with being in love. Love holds the pr omise that you will always having someone there for you and that you will always

Al-Qaeda In Iraq Free Essays

Al-qaeda is an Arabic word also written as Al-qaida. It is a network of international alliance of Islamic militant group. Abdullah Yusuf Azzam who was later replaced by Osama bin Laden formed the organization in 1988. We will write a custom essay sample on Al-Qaeda In Iraq or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other veteran Arabs from Afghanistan joined the leadership after the soviet war in Afghanistan. Al-qaeda network advances Islamic fundamentalism by carrying out attacks and disrupting western countries influences to the Islamic states. Al-qaeda finances and trains various radical Islamic groups that oppose western countries ideologies especially the United States of America and Britain. Al-qaeda groups or network have various operational bases in more than fifty countries in the world. Al-qaeda uses force, intimidation and instilling fear to attain their goals. They carry out acts of terrorism (an act or a threat against civilian life) aimed at attaining political, economical and religious goals. Al-qaeda aims at ending foreign influence in Islamic states by creating a new Islamic caliphate or authority. The Al-qaeda network is very active in countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. History of al-qaeda Al-qaeda was founded in the late 1980’s as an alliance of Islamic militia group with an aim of expanding Islamic fundamentalism. Al-qaeda has it roots during the Afghanistan’s soviet occupations. Anti-Muslim afghan guerillas (mujahidin), the afghan government and soviet forces were involved in the conflict. The Soviet invasion sparked the afghan resistance. The Afghan government was supported by the USA, China and Saudi Arabia. Mujahidin came from the Middle East to Afghanistan to assist their fellow Muslims in the war. Osama bin laden was the main financier he started recruiting Muslims around the world to join the group. The recruited army in there thousands defeated the soviet forces making them withdrew from Afghanistan. Osama bin laden later founded an organization that could help veterans of Afghans war; this comprised the bases of Al-qaeda. (Biri A. 2001). Bin laden and other radical Islamic thinkers at that time had been organizing Al-qaeda in the Iraq invasion to Kuwait in 1990. The Saudi government had allowed the United States government to station a military base in Saudi Arabia. This was very outrageous to Laden and the radical group. Osama was later expelled from Saudi Arabia by opposing the government. Al- qaeda basis shifted from Saudi Arabia to Khartoum in Sudan, their first task against the interest of the United States of America was in Somalia where they attacked the U. S army during the Somalia crisis. Further attacks perpetrated by al-qaeda followed. In august 1996 bin laden issued a â€Å"declaration of war† against the U. S. A Al- qaeda and radical Islamic group had worked together to alliance in their acts of terrorism against western influence on Islamic interests. Osama shifted his base from Sudan to Afghanistan in 1994 after the U. S had put pressure on the Khartoum government to expel him. Osama joined the Talibans in Saudi Arabia where al-qaeda established military bases in mountains. In Iraq the main objective of the Al-qaeda organization is the governing of Iraq. After president Sadaam Hussein was brought down from power by the U. S. A who sent thousands of troops to help in putting in place the government in Iraq. Al-qaeda was against the US invasion of Iraq. According to the U. S government, Al- qaeda wanted to be seen as a legitimate political organization in Iraq. Al-qaeda in Iraq is composed of both Sunni Iraq members plus other foreign members who wage jihad or holy war. This group was formed in 2004, but it is not clear, who founded it in Iraq between Bin Laden and Nusab Al Zarqawi. The group had been a force behind the violence and civil war between the Shiites and Sunnis. They accuse the US government of murdering innocent civilians in their â€Å"war on terror†. The Al-Qaeda has been behind many attacks in Iraq against the U. S government interests. Insurgency in Iraq is still continuing up to now. Members of the group had shifted to other bases where they mastermind suicide bomb attacks. Other military organizations had joined Al-Qaeda in Iraq in their activities. Abu Musab al-zarqawi from Jordan had affiliated with Al-qaeda in Iraq. He joined the Al-qaeda in Iraq and threatened the U. S government over its interest in Iraq. The group had killed many U. S army personnel and they are believed to have killed ordinary Iraq civilians. The group continues to instigate violence in Iraq despite the U. S government efforts on war on terror by president Bush administration. Al-qaeda is against the U. S invasion of Iraq. Members of the terrorist group had carried out many suicide attacks, kidnapping and even shooting their perceived enemy. The leadership of al-qaeda The leadership of Al-qaeda in Iraq, according to some sources from Jihad’s was put under Abu Ayyub Al Masri in 2006. This is following the death of its former leader Musab Al Zarqawi. Al Masri is considered as lacking good military organization that he relies on his intellectual abilities (Hajez M. 2007 p. 136-147). Al-qaeda in Iraq is composed of both Sunni Iraq members and the jihads (foreigners who came to aid in Jihad war). Osama bin Laden is the top active leader of the Al-qaeda group. The leadership coordinates with others groups; Al-qaeda group of jihad in Iraq, Al-qaeda in land of the two rivers plus others. Through the official statement of the U. S government, Abu Musab Al Zarqawi forms the top leadership responsible for the insurgency in Iraq. It is believed that the leadership organizes and masterminds attacks on civilians and U. S troops. It is also believed that the leadership of Al-Qaeda in Iraq composes other foreign terrorist and senior Al- Qaeda leadership. The U. S administration believes that Abu-Musab Al Zarqawi was not an Iraq even his successor Abu Ayyub Al Masri. The leadership of Al-queda is decentralized. There is collaboration between Al-qaeda senior leaders and Al- qaeda leaders in Iraq. The leader’s role is to finance, command, advice, and make bombs including others roles in the group. The leadership also provides intelligent information’s and facilitates its operations. They have their former headquarter in Fallujah in Iraq. Various operations they have performed: The al qaeda has claimed responsibility of the chlorine bombings in Iraq in mosques. The group also is targeting wealth people by kidnapping and killing their family members when they fail to remit ‘protection’ fee. They are also inciting violence by causing hatred among the Shiites and Shia groups to cause civil war. What were the targets of the operations? Al-qaeda operates in Iraq but it is limited in the broad Middle East. They play actively in the Iraq insurgency. Their deputy leader, Ayman alzawahiri, in July 2005 through a letter indicated four plans in expanding the war in Iraq. They were to expel US forces out of Iraq and an Islamic authority put in place. Other missions were to spread the Iraq conflict to their neighbors and fight with Israel. Al-qaeda in Iraq (AOQ) created an organization called mujahidee shura council in January 2006. This was to unite the Sunni insurgents in Iraq. However, this attempt failed due to the methods they used against civilians and their extreme fundamentalists doctrines. Alqaeda is the most feared organization; experts regard it as an enemy of the US. Al-qaeda is associated with terrorist’s activities in Iraq that targets international forces and civilians. The US government holds that they have an extended network to other parts of the world especially the Islamic states although there operations are based in Iraq. In 2005, Al-qaeda is believed to be responsible for about more than 1800 attacks in Mosul city in Iraq; they were aiming at Iraq forces and coalition government. They use bombs and other explosives in their suicide attacks. They mainly targeted Iraq security forces, Shiite militaries and the US troops. The group was responsible for the killing of 35 children and seven adults in Baghdad in September 2004. The bombs were directed at the US forces. In the same year on December 19, they had bombed a Shiite funeral procession killing about 60. Their attacks were aimed at Iraq security forces, civilians and the Iraq government. In 2005 they carried out and co-coordinated suicide attacks including the Sheraton Ishtar and Palestine hotel in Baghdad during the Iraq elections. (Napoleni L. 2005) They claimed responsibility of killing of Ihab Al-Sherif an Egyptian envoy to Iraq; they also killed many unemployed Shiite workers in Baghdad. They had abducted and executed American soldiers. In 2006, many of the top leadership were captured and killed by US army. They had carried on with their attack such as the 23rd March 2007, assassination attempts of the Iraq deputy Prime Minister Salam al-zaubai a Sunni. They had claimed responsibility of the Iraq parliament bombing in April 12 2007. The execution of the three US force soldiers in May the same year. Activities of Al –qaeda in Iraq, have received negative publicity due to attacks and intimidation against the civilian’s making it lack local support. The Sunni militias had abandoned them and joined the government and US forces. Many of their leaders have been captured and killed making their activities crippled. The Al-qaeda had been involved in other operations outside Iraq; in April 2004 they claimed responsibility of the chemical bomb plot in Jordan. They had also targeted Israel in December 2005 by firing rockets from Lebanon. They are also implicated with 2006 train bombing plot in Germany. What were the goals of the operations? Al-qaeda in Iraq had an aim of expelling all the U. S soldiers and their allied forces. In July2005, top Al-qaeda leadership had urged that the entire US soldier to withdraw from Iraq. They had threatened to carry military operations and executions; they perceive the US as the enemy who must leave the Islamic state. The group also had an aim in the governance of Iraq. The Al –qaeda in Iraq had wanted to form a political group that would be the legitimate political organization in Iraq. They had wanted to fight and overthrow the existing government. Al-qaeda aims to control key areas in the economic, political and religious sector in Baghdad. They want to portray that the Iraq government has failed to expel the US army, by discrediting the government they aims at removing people support. It aimed at initiating conflict between the Shia and Sunni Muslims. This would force the USA to take a neutral stand and depart from Iraq. This would enable them to establish their rule in Iraq. Al-qaida in Iraq wanted to spread propaganda through the media that, the coalition forces and the government of Iraq were attacking the Sunni Islam. They wanted the Sunnis to join their side, portraying themselves to defend rights of those who are oppressed. This would give them a positive image to the Sunni Islamic group. Part of their aim was to spread propaganda that the Iraq social-economic problems were the government responsibility. They regarded themselves as an organization that can free Iraq’s from their problems. (Hoofman B. 2004). It was also believed that operations of Al-qaeda in Iraq involved bringing foreign fighters and terrorist in order to kill innocent civilians to encourage hatred between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Abu Hamza Al-Muhajir an Al-qaeda leader in Iraq through his message said that they aimed at creating an Islamic state in Iraq. They were willing to die for God’s sake â€Å"there is no rule but that of Allah†. The attacking and killing of the Sunni by al-qaeda in Iraq was aimed to compel them to join their group and withdraw the support of the US forces. â€Å"Dedicate yourself to fighting the true enemy in order to avoid opening up new fronts against the Sunni Arabs† (Abu Hamza al Muhajer), they attempted to portray the US as a common enemy. What were the ideologies of this group? Al-qaeda in Iraq was organized and carried its operation on basis of different ideologies. They had issued a manifesto calling for violence and destruction of American empire. They had vowed to continue with the insurgency and destroy America. Their ideologies were religiously based â€Å"we vow by the name of God and we are determined to destroy the American empire†. They believed that attacking the United States was a call from God. They believed that that who dies in their mission becomes a saint. Their leader Abu Musab al- zarqawi had justified their violent means through audio messages. Al-qaeda called for all Muslims to start attacking their enemies in Iraq and their associates. They believed that through Islam their faith, no harm would be inflicted on true Muslims. Shedding blood of a true Muslim would lead to destruction of the whole world. The attack against Americans and aides in Iraq was an order from God. It was a holy war or jihad to bring justice and glory in the world. They calls for those betraying them to repent, by collaborating with their enemy all they deserve is to have their neck cut. Al-qaeda through their documents, vows that insurgency will not end soon, they believe that Islam is the only true religion in the world. It is their duty to have Allah worshiped. The Al-qaeda beliefs that the US government wants to seek control of the region through the assistance of the Iraq government. It argues that those who oppose and fight the group are enemies of Islam. Their ideologies hold that the American government wanted to control the region to access oil wells. Osama bin laden through a video tape on December 29 2007, said that the Iraq government had â€Å"agreed to having large American bases on Iraq land and giving the Americans all the Iraq oil they may wish† Muslims perceive the war in Iraq widely as a war on Islam giving strength to al-qaeda’s ideology, Islamic sympathizers of the group are now trying to support the idea of universal holy war on western world and their allies. Al-qaeda sympathizers are justifying the acts of terrorism by using propaganda about the Iraq war. This is evidence in Madrid bombing in 2004 and London attacks in transport network to oppose the invasion of Iraq. Conclusion The Al-qaeda networks’ operating in all over the world seems to be well-organized coordinated and funded group. Al-qaeda in Iraq has escalated more violence in the country. The group has forged alliances with other front in order to work together against their perceived common enemy. According to them the enemy must be defeated by all mean, as it is the will of God. These militia groups have threatened peace in the world. They have claimed responsibility for various attacks in the world; the issue of terrorism in the world needs to look at carefully to avert more acts of death and hatred. The world should not draw too much conclusion about Al-qaeda and war in Iraq. This is to avert from having propaganda war, whose truth cannot be determined thus sparking more conflict. (US state report on terrorism) Work cited Biri Abdel, The secret History of Al-Qaeda, 1998. Bruce Hoffman, Insurgency and Countersurgency in Iraq, 2004. Hajez Mohammed; Suicide Bombers In Iraq: The strategy and Ideology of Martyrdom, 2007. Napoleni Lorreta; Insurgent Iraq: The Al-zarqawi and The New Generation, 2005. The United State Department Country Report on Terrorism, 2005. How to cite Al-Qaeda In Iraq, Papers

Reflections on Mental Health in Adults-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Reflections on Mental Health in Adults. Answer: Introduction: As we age, the efficiency of our body systems slows down. Our mental health too, suffers in a way. However, while the problems of our body systems can be deducted through various tests and technologically advanced processes, the degrading mental health is slow to deduct, and sometimes too late to recover completely. Some of the old age problems, such as dementia, loss of clarity in thinking processes or degrading memory power are only ignored with a notion that they are the signs of advancing years. This is where one might go wrong in identifying the clear distress signals that the people of advanced years (or even in middle age) tend to communicate. Knowledge and proper vigilance by the care givers, can alter this trend, and get them under proper medical supervision. (Stevenson, 2013). This work is a reflection of my own experience in the field of pathophysiology of mental health in adults and how or where the present day techniques can be applied to enhance my work experience. Dementia Care Treatments in Adults: Often than not, adults approach us with various other complaints, such as not getting enough sleep or palpitations due to anxiety and weight issues. While not every case is a sure sign of mental illness, many of these are, sadly, due to deteriorating mental health. Some of the signs that we look for in patients include: Sudden disturbance in sleeping pattern Mood swings Substance abuse (related to psychological problems) Depression Changes in normal behaviour Most of these symptoms are not immediately deducted, although they have started long before a person comes for medical intervention. However, in several cases, even after feeling helpless and anxious, the patients do not approach for medical help due to the stigma attached to mental illness. (Conner, 2010). In case of dementia, however, the signs are slow and sometimes related to diseases like stroke. Some of the symptoms include: Loss of memory (here again, the intensity may differ) Language and communication Problem to focus or pay attention Perception of vision Judgement and reasoning (Dementia- Signs, symptoms and Diagnosis) Hence, in cases where they approach the experts for treatment, it is essential to have a one-on- one interview with the patient to review the aspects of their condition. Mental illness cannot be chunked to one particular box, with fixed symptoms. Each and every patient (subject) differs in their predicament, and each has their own complications. It is, therefore the responsibility of the experts, psychologists and other medical health professionals get to the root cause of the problem before dealing with sufficient solution. Many a times, in our practise, it becomes extremely difficult to get the person to agree to the consultation with an expert, since the term mental illness is still a taboo in various communities. The problem becomes further complex, when children (dependents) are smaller, and do not have means to fend for them. According to a study, almost 21-23% of children live with at least one parent who suffers from mental illness in Australia. (Goodyear, 2015). With such parental concerns, and also the stigma, people hesitate to approach, or outright avoid issues concerning their mental health, leading to aggravations, and dire situations, wherein experts need to keep them under observation for a long time. As an observer in the field of mental health, I have often noted that those patients, who come to us voluntarily, or through the help of family, have a better way of overcoming their problems. It is also often a combined effort of the primary caregiver (mostly a loved one), mental health specialist and health care professionals to bring the patients back to their happy self. (Stevenson, 2013). The major issue with older adults that one faces is with dementia. Alzemers disease, dementia, are problems which are commonly noted in older adults, and require a lot more care, and for a longer time frame. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by the death of brain cells (MacGill, 2017). Since dementia can be categorized into many forms, depending upon their severity and causes, the first and foremost one does is to identify the type. Treatment of dementia again is a challenge, since it is not only the patients (usually older adults at the age of 60 and above), but also their loved ones who might have to face the trauma of dealing with the illness. Reflections on Mental Health in Adults: Research suggests that mental health is often associated with other diseases in older adults, such as heart conditions, stroke and so on, which curtails them from their favourite activities. This leads to depression, and behavioural changes in them, leading to mental health problems. Every year, more and more people (of age group 55 and above) come with such problems, which makes it difficult for the primary care givers to deal with them at home. Dementia itself claims one tenth of people above the age of 65 years. (McGill, 2017). While drugs like Oestrogen, folate and vitamin B12 are said to be advantageous in decreasing the cell degradation, (and sometimes in reviving the cells), other methods such as efficient care works out to be more efficient. (Australia A) According to a study of frequency and quality of dementia care in Australian adults, it is seen that only 39% came voluntarily to help, while 26% were treated according to the evidences seen by the professionals. While the other 16% received very less treatment, the rest 19% went undetected. (Harris et.al., 2015). This clearly shows the reluctance in adults to approach health care facilities for treatment or that they simply ignore and (or) unaware of their mental health conditions. Where do we need to make the change? Do we require a mental illness measurement indicator in hospitals to trap problems at its initial level? The study in the US suggests that the primary care settings can make a significant effort in identifying problems initially and then refer it to the relevant departments for further treatment. (Goodrich et. al, 2014). However, here too, one might encounter resistance in the patients, who might not want to take further help, from a mental health care professional. Therein lies the problem of social stigma attached to mental illness and dementia. Mental health is such that unless the patient (adult) themselves can come forward to seek help or let their loved ones to interfere on their behalf, (in case of dementia), it is extremely difficult to start treatment. Cooperating with the professionals is one of the primary and significant aspects of mental health care, and without it, the whole endeavour may not be successful. Summary: Increasing cases of mental health are a serious concern. What with todays stress filled lifestyle and so little time to care for the elders, many of the patients (in their older age) are left to fend for themselves, leading to dementia. Only a combined attempt of the primary care givers, the medical professional who is treating them for other illness and also the family members can make a change in the treatment. Since mental illness such as dementia and Alzheimer's is not a sudden occurrence, but something that will develop slowly, an earlier mediation can help the patients recover faster. Adults over the age of 55 especially, and with illness such as heart problems or arthritis and with curtailed movements need to be more carefully watched for symptoms of mental illness. Although there is no sure way to determine the mental health of a person, and dementia is slow to recognise, a consulting physician or a primary care giver (who has been seeing a person for a longer time) can identify the symptoms and bring it to the notice of an expert to make a change in their lives. References: Stevenson, S. 2013. 10 Symptoms of Mental Illness in the Elderly. Availalble at https://www.aplaceformom.com/blog/2013-10-7-mental-illness-in-the-elderly/ [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] Conner, K. O., Copeland, V. C., Grote, N. K., Koeske, G., Rosen, D., Reynolds, C. F., Brown, C. 2010. Mental Health Treatment Seeking Among Older Adults with Depression: The Impact of Stigma and Race. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 531-543. Parekh, Rana 2015. Warning Signs of Mental Illness. American Psychiatric Association. Available at https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/warning-signs-of-mental-illness [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] Goodrich, D. E., Kilbourne, A. M., Nord, K. M., Bauer, M. S. 2013. Mental Health Collaborative Care and Its Role in Primary Care Settings. Curr Psychiatry Rep., vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 383 Health Direct 2016. Nine signs of mental health issues. Available at https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/signs-mental-health-issue [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] Harris, M. G., Hobbs, M. J., Burgess, P. M., Pirkis, J. E., Diminic, S., Siskind, D. J., Whiteford, H. A. 2015. Frequency and quality of mental health treatment for affective and anxiety disorders among Australian adults. Med J Aust, vol. 202, no. 4, pp. 185-189. Goodyear, M., Hill, T.-L., Allchin, B., McCormick, F. (2015). Standards of practice for the adult mental health workforce: Meeting the needs of families where a parent has a mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Available at https://tandemcarers.org.au/images/Goodyear_2015.pdf [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] National Institute of Mental Health 2016. Older Adults and Mental Health. Available at https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/older-adults-and-mental-health/index.shtml [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] MacGill, M. 2017. Dementia: Symptoms, treatments, and causes. Available at https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/142214.php [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] Australia, A. 2014. Use of other therapeutic treatments. Available at https://www.fightdementia.org.au/national/about-dementia/how-is-dementia-treated/use-of-other-therapeutic-treatments [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] Alzheimer's Association 2017. Dementia - Signs, Symptoms Diagnosis. Available at https://www.alz.org/what-is-dementia.asp [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017]

The Absence Of Religion Nosferatu and Bram Stoker’s Dracula Essay Example

The Absence Of Religion: Nosferatu and Bram Stoker’s Dracula Paper Abstract Instead of being faithful to its primary source, the practice of adaptation results in a new form of art work in which it becomes different in some ways. Especially in the adaptation of Bram Stoker’s Dracula namely Nosferatu, it can be spotted that there is an omission of religion theme which originally exists in the novel Dracula. Thus, there is an absence of religion theme in the whole story of Nosferatu. The omission of religion theme in this case is definitely not innocent, hence it must propose a new perspective of seeing the film since the adaptation is the result of interpretation process which is done by the adapter. We will write a custom essay sample on The Absence Of Religion: Nosferatu and Bram Stoker’s Dracula specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Absence Of Religion: Nosferatu and Bram Stoker’s Dracula specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Absence Of Religion: Nosferatu and Bram Stoker’s Dracula specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Focusing on this phenomena, this paper aims to investigate the omission of religion theme in Nosferatu and discovers the implication behind it as opposed to how Dracula perceives religion through its characters. In short, the result of this research emphasizes that the omission of religion theme in Nosferatu proposes that religion doesn’t have a single meaning to human life. Key Words : Dracula, Nosferatu, film adaptation, commentary, role of religion Introduction The great popularity of Bram Stoker’s Dracula has made this novel becomes a basic inspiration to the expansion of Gothic Fiction which is starring vampire as the central character inliterary works. This novel has also fascinated so many scriptwriters and directors of films who were influenced to adapt it into the new form of art works or in other words convert it into film. Therefore, from the beginning of its publication in the late of Victorian era (1897), Bram Stoker’s Dracula has been re-created into various films with similar title or either different title, with vampires as the main idea of the stories. The various adaptations of Dracula, in some ways, serve new concept of stories since the scriptwriters and directors insert their own ideas and perspectives into the content of the film. As a result, audiences who are probably

Case Study analysis of Satyam scandal Essay Example

Case Study analysis of Satyam scandal Essay Example Case Study analysis of Satyam scandal Paper Case Study analysis of Satyam scandal Paper This paper is a case study analysis about Satyam Computer services. This case study analysis will identify key facts about the case in question and outline the problems within the case study, it will than conclude with solutions or recommendations to the problems stated backed up by Management theory.  Satyam is a Nasdaq listed company and a major player in the global IT service industry. The chairman of Satyam is Ramalinga Raju. The Satyam case that broke out in early 2009 made a public scandal. The Satyam case showed a complete disintegration of ethical standards, absence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), criminal activity and negligence of management issues and duties. Raju was also alleged to falsifying 13,000 ‘ghost’ employees, an estimated monthly salary of US$4 million. This cash flow was diverted and eventually used to purchase land. Raju admitted to corporate fraud and was arrested and later charged with fraud, forgery, embezzlement and insider trading. His brother Ramu and the company’s CFO were also arrested and charged. Management Problem:  The management problem is involved in ‘white-collar crime’. The auditors from PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWS) were unable to identify the fraud. That leads to issues regarding lack of control on the negative outcomes of fraud that further leads to ethical and social responsibility issues. Such issues are creating problems by stopping investors in future investment on Satyam shares. The following paragraph will justify above issues with the help of literature review. The case study is addressing ethical issues because Satyam is misrepresenting 13,000 employees and proving the act of ‘corruption’ (p.121). Through corruption Satyam is enhancing the business interest by engaging itself in illegal practices. Secondly, Raju has an MBA from Ohio University and knows with clarity what is right and what is wrong. The act of wrong doing knowingly is violating ethical standards. Raju also believed that his questionable behaviour will not be found out while manipulating cash flows thus providing basis for rationalisations for unethical behaviour (p.144). Raju’s motivation was to keep in touch with the US$50 billion Indian outsourcing industry which let Raju’s interest stand above all other standards of the organisation (p.145). Therefore, corruption, doing a wrong act knowingly, and rationalisations of unethical behaviour justifies the existence of ethical issues. The case study is also addressing the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as the Raju’s fraudulent actions are negatively affecting the stakeholders of Satyam and the economy as a whole. The Satyam case is violating ‘Financial Responsibility’ and ‘social/community responsibility’. Satyam activities lack of transparency due to neglecting moral reasons is creating trustworthiness, dependability and credibility issues for the organisation. Recommendations:  Due to the ethical dilemma’s that occurred in Satyam I would recommend the company and its auditors firstly conduct a formal and full investigation into the workings of the company to pin point and identify just how far into the company these issues are. Secondly Ethics training (146) in the form of an ethical decision making model would be introduced to the company and all employees would be trained and confident in being able to make decisions in an ethical manner. An example of an ethical decision making model is the â€Å"Six steps to ethical decision making† model. A course of action like this ensures that ethical decision making in regards to the company is seen as a big issue internally in the company and every employee has a good grasp and understanding of what is seen as ethical and unethical behaviour. In the case of the CSR issues Satyam has lost the trust of its stakeholders, a solution to reclaiming that trust is transparency, as a publically traded company that held secrets that nearly led to the demise of the company. Satyam should become a more public company and show more of their work to the public through use of forums, information sessions and general advertising to earn that trust back by their stakeholders. Internally the company needs to continually raise awareness of CSR at every opportunity, develop a Credo and shared values and constantly restate these at every opportunity through forums, information sessions etc and incorporating these principles into all training. Though Professor Sudhakar Balachandran still argues that the traditional measures that are relied on to stop this sort of behaviour (e.g corporate governance, auditing and legal consequences) is not good enough and stricter penalties need to be introduced. His argument is that â€Å"white collar crime is just as bad as any other crime† and should therefore have stricter penalties as a deterrent. Satyam obviously has no control of the legal consequences of such actions but in taking Professor Balachandrans opinion into consideration a strong course of action would be for Satyam to take a hard line on anyone neglecting these values and any breach of them however big or small should be immediately reported and examined both internally in the company and externally through the auditors before consequences are implemented, strict internal penalties for breaching the companies values need to be introduced and everyone in the organisation must be well informed of the consequences. Conclusion:  In conclusion this case study analysis introduced the Satyam scandal of 2009, and highlighted for the reader what the major issues were regarding the case and recommended solutions such as education, training and stricter penalties to help deter and potentially put a stop to incidents such as this in the future. Reference list: Shermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau ‘Management foundations and applications’ https://learning.secure.griffith.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab=communityurl=%2Fbin%2Fcommon%2Fcourse.pl%3Fcourse_id%3D_53067_1 https://learning.secure.griffith.edu.au/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab=communityurl=%2Fbin%2Fcommon%2Fcourse.pl%3Fcourse_id%3D_53067_1

Reccommendation memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reccommendation memo - Essay Example As far as financing is concerned, Wal-Mart once again showed its supremacy by making financing of at least $8 million every year. The other competitors however hardly managed to obtain $4 million on yearly basis. In terms of earning profits, Wal-Mart has performed substantially well and increased its earnings from $12 million to around $16 million in five years time. None of the other companies managed to cross even $4 million in any of the five years. Operating outflows of Wal-Mart are also quite unmatchable due to the larger size such that it remained between $10 million and $16 million in five year times. Target, another industry competitor, achieved a level of $4 million thrice in five years. However, other competitors remained far behind and hardly managed to reach $2 million in any of the five years. Wal-Mart also remained successful in reflecting the best Return on equity as compared to its competitors such that its average ROE remained around 21.5%. However, the other four co mpetitors barely managed to earn ROE of around 17% on average basis. Lastly, except the yearly sales of Wal-Mart which remained around $400 million on average basis, the other four industry participants did not even reach to the sales level of around $100 million in any of the year. It is recommended that the performance of Wal-Mart has remained substantially well as compared to other four companies. The other four companies however have remained similar in their performance in the last five

History of the Middle East, 6001453 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the Middle East, 6001453 - Essay Example When the aforementioned is compounded with the fact that neither really knew the other and that, ultimately, the Christian Crusaders were entering into a territory alien to them and which, historically speaking, they had no territorial claim over, prejudices only deepen. These prejudices color historical accounts, as is amply evidenced in the contrasts which exist between the European and the Muslim accounts of the First Crusade. While there is consensus over historical events, these accounts are markedly different in terms of portrayals/depictions of the other. Consensus prevails with regard to the history of the first crusades. As Gibb (1950) explains in his article, "The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladdin," the two most prominent of the recorded eye-witness accounts, those by William of Tyre and Ibn Al Athir, similarly report Christian military victory over the Muslims. Indeed, Ibn Al Athir, as does William of Tyre, writes that when the Crusaders first came to the Arab lands in 1095-1096, they achieved tremendous victories over the Muslims. The Europeans, according to both, overtook several Muslim provinces, such as Toledo, Andalusia and Sicily, extending their armies to invade Antioch and most importantly, Jerusalem (cited in Gibb, 1950). The implication here is that there is agreement over the basic historical facts. Consensus also prevails over the reasons for the Muslim defeat and European victory. As is evident from Amin Maalouf's (2001) account of the Crusades as recorded and reported by Muslim historians, Arab defeat was an outcome, not just of petty rivalry among various Arab leaders and factions, but of the Crusaders' utter and unshakable conviction that they were doing the work of God. This belief propelled the Crusaders towards victory, while lack of cohesion among the Muslims quite effectively determined their defeat (Maalouf, 2001). The Arab and European accounts of the Fall of Jerusalem do not differ much in this respect. The above identified similarities should not obscure the fact that there are marked differences between the two accounts, especially with regard to depictions of the other. A reading of Ibn Al Athir's account of the encounter evidences the extent to which the other' was perceived of in terms of prejudiced stereotypes (cited in Gabrielli, 1984). For example, Usama's account of "Frankish Medicine," expresses the idea that, irrespective of Christian victories, the Crusaders had neither civilization nor knowledge. Indeed, Usama claims that European doctors killed, rather than cured, their patients practicing a form of medicine that had little to do with scientific knowledge (cited in Gabrielli, 1984). Other eyewitness accounts advance Usama's perceptions of the Crusaders as an ignorant and uncivilized people through unflattering descriptions of their lifestyles, style of eating and personal hygiene (Gabrielli, 1984). Indeed, it would hardly be an exaggeration were one to assert that Musl im eyewitness accounts of the encounter tend towards the portrayal of others as uncivilized savages. Interestingly, Christian accounts of the encounter tend towards a similarly unflattering description. This is amply evidenced in Mansses II's congratulatory letter to the Crusaders. Within the context of this letter, the victory is applauded in terms that speak of religious conflict and an

Water. Characteristics of water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Water. Characteristics of water - Essay Example According to Benjamin (32) water comprises of about 54-78% of the total human body. It is an important component of human nutrition and it is taken directly through drinking and as a constituent of food. This paper examines scientific and chemical properties of water, with special focus on its application in food and nutrition. Characteristics of water Water has a chemical formula, H2O and hence it is a compound made of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, bound by strong covalent bonds. Water naturally exists in three states, namely solid in form of ice, liquid and in gaseous form. In liquid state, chemically pure water is tasteless, odorless and colorless substance with a tinge of blue color. It has a density of 1g/cm3 at 40C . Water freezes at 0o C and reaches its boiling point of 100oC at standard pressure of 760mm Hg (Benjamin 53-56). Water demonstrates various chemical properties. It reacts with acidic and basic oxides forming inorganic acids and alkalis respectively. Water react s with metals and non-metals to form respective hydroxides (Armstrong and Kellee, 19). Some salts bonds with water to form hydrated compounds containing water of crystallization in the structure. These hydrated salts can loose the water of crystallization when subjected to high temperature forming anhydrous compounds. Water is a polar molecule and many substances dissolves in it (Benjamin76). The chemical and physical properties of water

Listening To Troubled Families

Listening To Troubled Families The purpose of this essay is to critically analyse a report Listening to Troubled Families (Casey, 2012). To accomplish this it will be necessary to give a brief historical overview of social policy and legislative developments from 1979 to the present day. It will go on to debate the drivers for contemporary practice and strategies that promote children safeguarding and family support. The essay will apply legislation, guidance and policies that give social workers a legal mandate to work with families whose children are deemed to be at risk. The essay will also deliberate a selection of social work skills whilst employing theories and methods that are in accordance with social work values (Teater, 2010, p. 4). The report entitled Listening to Troubled Families is a snapshot of sixteen familys lives who have entrenched, long-term cycles of suffering problems and causing problems (Casey, 2012, p. 1). The phrase long-term cycles is very similar to an expression that the Prime Minister at the time Tony Blair (2006) used in a speech to describe families with problems [that] are multiple, entrenched and often passed down the generations (Blair, 2006 cited in Welshman, 2008, p. 77). Both statements can be compared to Josephs (1972) cycle of deprivation hypothesis (Joseph, 1972 cited in Welshman, 2008, p. 77). This is important because according to Welshman (2012) it is an enactment of the debate concerning the deserving and undeserving poor and popular beliefs aimed at scroungers in British society. This has led Featherstone et al. (2012, 630) to conclude that previous and successive governments since 1979 have demonstrated a cross-party consensus in regard to reduced political support for the we lfare state. The families in the report had been compelled to work with the Family Intervention Project or risk facing action on child care proceeding (Casey, 2012, p. 3). However, the report is actually based on 120,000 families that have been identified as troubled (Casey 2012, p. 5) and who have cost the Government some  £9 billion in the last year alone (HM Government, 2012, p. 1). This equates to †¦around  £75,000 per family (http://www.number10.gov). The figure of a 120,000 families is based on a report conducted by the Social Exclusion Task Force (SETF) (Levitas, 2012, p. 4). That carried out some secondary analysis (Levitas, 2012, p. 4) from the Family and Children longitude study (FACS) in 2004. Which highlighted that 2 per cent (p. 4) of households in Britain had numerous disadvantages. Levitas (2012) notes that the Coalition government have intentionally sought to mislead the electorate, into assuming that multiple disadvantage (Levitas, 2012, p.12) equates to families that ar e troubled, to families that are or cause trouble (Levitas, 2012, p. 5). In order to work effectively with families where neglect and abuse put children at risk it is essential that the subject knowledge, understanding and skills (QAA, 2008, p. 8). That the student has acquired in professional training underpin all interventions with individuals to allow an understanding of situations (Trevithick, 2012, p. 4). To understand a situation it is important that a social worker has excellent communication skills Koprowska, (2009, p. 1) considers that these are a fundamental requirement for social work assessment and intervention (Koprowska, 2009, p. 72). Research conducted by Levin (2004, p. 5) substantiates this as service users require social workers who are skilled in listening, counselling, assessing, case managing and finding practical ways to facilitate. Sedan (2005, p. 22) notes that communication comprises of an interactive process involving the giving, receiving and checking out of meaning. Having the skills to communicate would enable the practitioner to engage with caregivers and children to conduct an assessment ensuring an effective and fair process and outcome (Holland, 2010, p. 110). Laming (2009, p. 28) reiterates this claim by asserting that the Assessment processes should encourage an increasingly clear understanding of a childs situation (Laming, 2009, p. 29). To accomplish assessments social workers are required to use the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (DoH et al. 2000). This is a holistic (DoH et al. 2000, p. 26) and ecological tool that has been influenced by the work of Bronfenbrenner (1979) who proposed that individuals are shaped by their macro, exo, meso and microsystems (Bronfenbrenner, 1979 cited in Trevithick, 2012, p. 325). When an assessment is conducted with an ecological approach it gives a sociological context to the whole persons life and can gauge the impacts of government policies on individuals who are often in poverty (Trevithick, 2012). A practitioner who utilises an ecological perspective will understand how the structures of society (Jack, 2011) and the inequalities and adversities that some individuals face within it can impinge on their life chances (Trevithick, 2012). It avoids individualising (Trevithick, 2012, p. 326) problems. Using the assessment framework facilitates the practitioner in ascertaining if a child is in need and how best to react (Ward and Glaser, 2010) which the social worker will base on current research findings (DoH et al., 2000). Information is recorded about the childs developmental needs (Ward and Glaser, 2010, p. 160) and the caregivers capabilities to respond appropriately (DoH et al. 2000, p. 12). Whilst taking account of all other sources of family support and any environmental influences (DoH et al., 2000, p. 12). Another significant element in the assessment framework is information sharing between multi-agencies for best interest decisions for the child and family (Rose, 2010, p. 44). This is to avoid what has often been referred to as a silo style of working (Miers, 2010, p. 75). Brandon et al. (2009, p. 49) in their serious case reviews have highlighted the lack of information sharing within and between professional agencies (Brandon et al., (2009, p. 49) which has led to children dying or suffering unnecessarily. Moreov er, under Working Together to Safeguard Children (DCSF, 2010, p. 31) there is a legal requirement to implement effective (DCSF, 2010, p. 31) collaborative joint working (DCSF, 2010, p. 31) between agencies and multi-professionals who bring a range of knowledge and expertise into discussions. However, it is imperative that the social worker consults with the family and seeks appropriate consent (Rose, 2010, p. 44) except when or if a child is suffering, or is at risk of suffering, significant harm (HM Government, 2012, p. 22). This would be in concordance with government guidelines Information Sharing: Guidance for practitioners and managers (HM Government, 2012). This is to protect the family from any over-zealous (Brammer, 2010, p. 126) interference and a consideration of the Human Rights Act 1998 Article 8 should be applied to the families situation by any professionals involved in their lives. A practitioner should also consider the Rights of the Child under The United Nations Convention 1989 (Brammer, 2010, p. 178). Although these rights are not recognised under the United Kingdom domestic law and usually the Gillick competency applies (Brammer, 2010, 179). Angela and Carl (a case study within) the Troubled Families report had asked for help in relation to their son Sam, unfortunately this was not forthcoming. An appeal for support and Sams presenting behaviour should have been an opportunity for early identification of any additional need (DCSF, 2012, p.84). Professionals in health or education could have implemented the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) with informed consent (CWDC, 2012, p. 20). Performing a CAF would have identified Sams additional needs as above and beyond universal services (CWCD, 2012). The CAF is a combination of integrated frontline (CWCD, 2012, p. 8) service provision that is incorporated into statutory guidance (CWCD, 2012, p. 8) of the Children Act 2004 under section 10 (multi-agency collaboration) and section 11 (protection and promotion of children) (CWCD, 2012, p. 8). Significantly, the local authority, health and education ignored Angelas concerns and displayed an individualised approach (Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 14) to Sam and his family. This may have been because of the rationing (Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 14) of services in social care. As a result of numerous local authorities losing fifty per cent of their child in need budget (Community Care, 2011). Professionals involved should have endeavoured to understand the life issues (Davis and Smith, 2012: p. 14) for Sam and contacted health and education professionals that Working Together to S afeguard Children (DCSF, 2010) requires. As an alternative, to an individualised approach the social worker concerned could have employed a selection of politically nuanced holistic models (Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 18) to the intervention. These models according to Davis and Smith (2012) would allow the social worker to recognise that they are not the total expert in situations and accept that there are many forms of expertise (Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 18). The social worker should have identified Angela as the expert on her family and listened to her concerns. Dolan et al. (2006, 2008) have differentiated several processes to assist the practitioner in family support work (Dolan et al. 2006 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 19). They propose that by identifying a service users resilience and strength (Dolan et al. 2006, 2008 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012, p.19) a promotion of partnership working will be established for all individuals concerned including the child. (Dolan et al. 2006 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012 p 19 .). A social worker should be accessible and listen to a childs requests and views while considering their well-being and safety (Dolan et al. 2006, 2008 cited in Davis and Smith, 2012, p.19). This is a requirement under section 17 of the Children Act 1989 (CA 1989) as amended by section 53 of the Children Act 2004 (CA 2004) to determine the wishes and feelings of the child (http://www.legislation.gov.uk). Applying an ecological perspective to Sam would have facilitated the practitioner into recognising the impact of poor housing on his mind, body and emotions (Davis and Smith, 2012, p.16). An opportunity was missed by social services to engage the family with a minimum intervention service (Davis and Smith, 2012, p. 18) and connect Angela via a systems approach with some community resources and networks (Mantle and Backwith, 2010, p. 2381). The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families recognises the implications of poverty and is determined to tackle the root causes of poverty and social exclusion (DoH et al. 2000, p.1). However, Brewer et al. (2009) challenge this claim, and note that in 2007 08; poverty for individuals in the United Kingdom had increased to a total of 13.5 million. This has led to the highest levels of income inequality since 1961 (Brewer et al., 2009 cited in Mantle and Backwith, 201, p. 2380). It is vital therefore that whilst conducting an assessment that the social worker does not exhibit poverty blindness (Becker, 1997; Dowling, 1999 cited in Gupta and Blewett, 2008, p. 462) and has awareness of the effects poverty and how it can impact on parenting abilities. Service users in a collaborative research project were asked their views about what makes a good social worker. They wanted practitioners who were open and honest and could demonstrate an understanding that socie ty as well as individuals can create neglect (Gupta and Blewett, 2008, p. 465). The Listening to troubled families report was deficient in its lack of reference to poverty or social inequality (Palmer, 2010 cited in Trevithick, 2012, p.77). It did not discuss the multiple forms of oppression (Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88) that dominant structures (Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88) create. Hick and Murray, (2009, p. 88) suggest that the social worker who uses a structural perspective would seek to emphasise the class analysis of the oppressed individual by the forces of dominant economic power (Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88). They posit that this perspective has been influenced by a feminist analyses and the patriarchal (Hick and Murray, 2009, p. 88) effects on family dynamics and work environments. As most social workers and the recipients of services are women (Balloch, 1997; Howe, 1986) a social worker could utilise a feminist perspective to inform their practice and advocate for fairer rights and opportunities (Orme, 2009, p. 67) with these particular families. Th e social worker should be politically enlightened to enable them to campaign for the collective interests of working-class (Orme, 2009, p. 67) groups. Leading to a recognition of full economic and social rights (Bryson, 1999 cited in Orme, 2009, p.67). Nicole who was a participants from the report had been raped at the age of four by her half-brother, started suffering depression, it all got too much (Casey, 2012, 34) and was subjected to domestic abuse and rape by an ex-partner. Nicole was consuming alcohol and a speed addict and was presenting with anti-social behaviour (Casey, 2012, p.34). Research from Widom Spatz and Sturmhofel (2001) note that the experience of being abused as a child can increase a persons likelihood for alcohol related problems as an adult. It could be hypothesised that Nicole was using alcohol and drugs as a form of self-medication and to gain control of an oppressive life situation. Research indicates, that Dylan Nicoles son or children of parents who abuse substances may be at risk of poor attachments to caregivers (Brooks and Rice 1997; Klee et al. 1998; Howe et al. 1999; Flores 2001), difficult interpersonal family relationships (Cleaver et al. 1999; Velleman and Orford 1999; Harbin and Murphy 2000) an d a substantially increased risk of violence (Brookoff et al. 1997). The chronicles of children whose parents have or are misusing substances have been procured by an evaluation of research studies by Kroll, (2004). Themes that emerged from the research studies were attachment, separation and loss (Kroll, 2004, 133) children spoke about being second best and keeping secrets. †¦When you see em do drugs long enough you know youre not number one; you know youre always put second and the drugs are put first†¦ (Jessica aged 15, in Howland Thompson 1998, cited in Kroll, 2004, 133). The research highlighted the childrens losses and lack of reliable, consistent and responsive (Kroll, 2004, 133) parenting, their lack of confidence and self-worth, (Kroll, 2004, 133) and the loss of an ordinary life in which they would be able to invite friends home or attend school consistently (Cork 1969; Howland Thompson 1998). In the childrens narratives they wanted professionals to appreciate th eir hurt on the inside (Kroll, 2004, 136) and not to be invisible (Kroll, 2004, 136). The local authority are compelled under the CA 1989 part III to support families who need help bringing up children and work in partnership with caregivers (DoH et al., 2000). However, after the implementation of the CA 1989 it was discovered through Messages from Research (DoH, 1995) that a concentration on child protection had created a dearth of services for the child in need (Morris, 2012, p. 14). This was supported by the Victoria Climbià © inquiry as Laming (2003, p. 6) asserted that usually the safest protection for the child was timely intervention of family support services†¦ In response to the inquiry, the Green Paper, Every Child Matters (2003) was introduced (Parton, 2006, p. 151). Its remit was to focus on universal (Parton, 2006, p. 152) services for all children and targeted (Parton, 2006, p. 152) services for children with any further supplementary needs. The Laming inquiry (2003) made recommendations that were instigated by New Labour who envisaged service provisions that were based around preventative services and early intervention (Driscoll, 2009, 335). These services took the form of Sure Start, the Childrens Fund and Connexions (Morris, 2012, 16). However, the provisions that New Labour implemented failed to engage the families with the most enduring and complex (Morris, 2012, p.16) requirements. Therefore, like the preceding CA 1989 which had ignored children in need (Morris, 2012, p. 17) and the subsequent Children Act (2004) which had failed to reach more complex families, policy drivers had become confusing and sometimes contradictory (Morris, 2012: 17). The debate around early intervention (DoH et al., 2000: xi) have evolved from New Labours modernisation agenda and their attempt to meet the demands of a globalised economy (Frost and Parton, 2009, 25). However, these concepts can be traced back, to when the Conservative government who had initially gained power in 1979 (http://news.bbc.co.uk) and introduced managerialism and a mixed economy of care into the organisation of social services departments (Frost and Parton, 2009). As well as promoting economy, efficiency and effectiveness (Frost and Parton, 2009, p. 24) the Conservatives were concerned with encouraging services that were transparent and accountable (Frost and Parton, 2009, p. 25). When New Labour was elected in 1997 they adopted (Chard and Ayre, 2010: p. 96) many of the Conservative policies and implemented performance targets, inspection regimes and league tables (Frost and Parton, 2009, p. 25). However, Ferguson (2004, p. 4) posits that New Labour went further and has embraced the market with a passion and enthusiasm which often leaves the Conservatives standing Numerous commentators (Dixon et al., 1998, cited in Chard and Ayre, 2010, p. 95) assert that managerialism has been regarded as a market driven solution to a public service problem. Lonne et al. (2008) argue that a managerialist perspective does not appreciate the significance of forming trustful, professional, relationships with service users. Ferguson (2010) clarifies this as the absence of social work involvement with children and families as social workers have been increasingly drawn into an office based environment. Therefore, any direct contact with families is limited with the social worker orchestrating services and fulfilling administration duties. This leaves no time according to Peckover et al. (2008) for interpersonal communication between the practitioner and family. Broadhurst et al. (2010, p. 363) bemoans this outcome as the space between help-seeker and help-provider is s teadily widening. Munroe (2011) in her final report on child protection stressed that professionals have found it increasingly difficult to sustain any direct work with children and their families. This is because of the burden of statutory guidance, targets and local rules (Munroe, 2011, p. 6). Laming (2009: 10) reiterates these claims by asserting that †¦ultimately the safety of a child depends on staff having the time, knowledge and skill to understand the child or young person and their family circumstances. In conclusion this essay has explored the Listening to Troubled Families (Casey, 2012) report and as Levitas (2012, p. 4) notes The problem is not the research itself, but its misuse and the Coalitions attempt to mislead the public.

The Hundred years war Essay -- essays research papers fc

THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1337-1453  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Hundred Years War was the last great medieval war. It was a war not just between Kings, but lesser nobles were also able to pursue their own personal agendas while participating in the larger conflict. Future wars saw far less factionalism, at least on the scale found in medieval conflicts. The Hundred Years War was actually dozens of little wars and hundreds of battles and sieges that went on for over a century until both sides were exhausted. While neither side won in any real sense, the end result was that while there were two kingdoms at the beginning of the war, there were two nations at the end of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1337, most of the English nobility spoke French, although most knew enough English to deal with their subjects. When Duke William of Normandy conquered England in 1066, he did so as a French noble. But since Duke William had conquered a kingdom, he had become king of England while remaining duke of Normandy. Duke William also replaced nearly all the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy with French nobles. During the next two centuries, the French speaking English kings acquired even more property in France. Finally, in the 13th century, a particularly able French king took most of this land away from the English king. But by the early 14th century, two French provinces, Gascony and Guyenne, were still ruled by the English king, and in 1337 the French king Philip the 6th demanded that these provinces be returned to French control. The English king, Edward the 3rd , did not want to violate the feudal bonds that united all of Europe by defying Philip, his feudal overlord for t hose provinces. So Edward challenged Philip’s claim to the French throne, asserting that his own claim (which did in fact exist) was superior. Thus the war began, with Philip the 6th claiming the right to appoint French nobles as rulers of Gascony and Guyenne, and Edward the 3rd claiming that he was the rightful king of France and England.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were other issues involved. England had major financial interests in the wool industry in Flanders (then a part of France) and France supported the Scots in their wars against England. Moreover, England had b... ...les' daughter. The son of this marriage (Henry the 6th) would be the king of France and England. It looked as though England had finally won. But the disinherited Dauphin continued to resist. Henry the 5th unexpectedly died in August 1422, followed in October by Charles the 6th , with the nine month old Henry the 6th not yet ready to receive the two crowns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the efforts of Henry the 5th's able brothers to hold things together. Joan of Arc came and went. The Burgundians turned on their English allies, and by 1453, the French, aided by these developments and the increasing professionalism of their army had driven the English from the Continent. This gave the English a few years to get ready for the War of the Roses, while the French took care of some internal problems and got ready for the first of many invasions of Italy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bibliography - Contamine, Philippe, War in the Middle Ages (1984) - WWW. TheHundredYearsWarHistoryHomePage.Com

Death’s Marathon Shot0By-Shot Analysis

Shot-by-shot Analysis of â€Å"Death's Marathon† dir. D. W. Griffith. (1913) Shot 1(straight-on angle): †¢White text on black background written, † To find his friend before he losses all† (2 seconds). Cut to Shot 2 (medium long shot, slightly low angle): †¢Front of house, with stairs slightly to the right of shot and potted plant on either side of stairs. Friend (man) enters from right and walks up stairs (2 seconds). Cut to Shot 3 (medium shot, straight-on angle): †¢Interior of living room where foreground is pretty vacant but background has a study and a desk with a vase with flowers in it.There are three ladies standing: Two nurses on either side of the wife. wife asks maid on left something (1 second) then turns back towards camera (1 second) to ask maid on right also (2 second). Turns back to face camera (2 seconds). Then knock on door (presumably by friend) startles maids and wife and the maid on the left exits shot (3 seconds). Re-enter maid and friend from the left. Friend asks about husband with sharp hand movements (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 4 (medium long shot, slightly high angle): interior of room with gambling table 3/4 shown on the bottom left corner of shot (foreground) and five men sitting around it gambling and doorman standing in background (2 seconds). Doorman turns to open door (1 second). Cut to Shot 5 (medium close-up, high angle): †¢Gambling table with chips and cards on table, and one player's hands (player to the left of husband) holding cards, places them down and takes all the chips in the centre of table(3 seconds). Cut to Shot 6 (same as shot 4) †¢(setting same as shot 4) and the man to the left of the husband swipes able and brings all his winnings to him and begin to stack up chips (2 seconds) then husband harshly throws two cards on the table, one at a time (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 7 (medium long shot, straight-on angle) †¢friend on the left of shot, speaking with wife, on the ri ght of shot turned towards each other with their forearms elevated in foreground of shot. Two maids standing in the background (2 seconds). Then friend and maid standing on left exit shot to the left (1 second) and maid on the right exits to the right of shot, leaving wife to stand alone in the centre of shot (2 seconds).Cut to. Shot 8 (long shot, slightly low angle): †¢(setting like shot 2) friend walks down stair and out of house (2 seconds) Shot 9 (same as shot 4) †¢(setting same as shot – but without doorman) Player to the right of husband and husband place chips into the centre of table respectively (3 seconds). They both fold cards and player to the right of husband swipes all the chips in the centre of table towards him and laughs (5 seconds). Husband bangs fists on table and gets up and exits door in background while man sitting on the right of shot gets up to congratulate man on who won (5 seconds).Cut to. Shot 10 (long shot, straight-on angle): †¢ sho t of exterior of house with big pillars and stairs on left of screen. Husband walks down two steps, pauses, then continues walking and exits out from the right (5 seconds): Shot 11 (medium long shot, straight-on angle) †¢interior of room (like shot 3). Wife has back to camera and walks towards the background with worried expression (right hand clasped on face) and then turns to the left of shot (8 seconds). Cut to. Shot 12 (long shot, straight-on angle): exterior of house (like shot 10) car drives through and parks in front of stairs on the right of shot with friend in the car. Friend gets off, converses with driver then walks into the house (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 13 (medium long shot, slightly high angle) †¢interior of house (like shot 9). Friend barges into room, and walks over to gambling table where game is going on. Presumably asks players and spectators where husband is, they reply and friends leaves the room (7 seconds). Cut to. Shot 14 (long shot, straight-on an gle) Friend runs out of house (same setting as shot 10) from left of shot, down stairs and into his car. His drivers drives him away, exit right of shot (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 15 (medium long shot, straighten angle) †¢shot of husband walking on the street along shops, one which has â€Å"rokers† written on window on the left of screen. He walks towards the shop, pauses to stare at it and then walks in (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 16 (medium shot, straight on) †¢ interior of ‘Rokers' shop. There is a desk with a telephone on it, and chair in the foreground.The background though is more cluttered with a study, stacks of books, a rocking chair and cabinets . Husband enters through door on the right of shot. inspects the space, takes his hat off then unbuttons his jacket, pulls a gun that he's been keeping in his pocket out and sits down on chair and is inspecting the gun (21 seconds). Cut to. Shot 17 (long shot, slightly high angle) †¢shot of exterior of hou se (like shot 2). Friend's car drives in from right of screen and parks in front of steps leading up to house front door. Friend gets off car and walks briskly into the house (5 seconds). Cut to.Shot 18 (medium long shot, slightly high angle): †¢interior of room (like shot 3), wife sitting on chair on the right side of the foreground. Then enters maid with friend. Cut to. Shot 19 (medium shot, straight on) †¢interior of room (like shot 16). Husband sitting on chair, leaning against table with telephone near his elbow. Husband looks at gun, chuckles then looks at telephone and picks it up (8 seconds). cut to. Shot 20 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢interior of room (like shot 3), friend and wife talking then phone rings and friend picks it up (5 seconds). cut to. Shot 21 (medium shot, straight-on) Interior of room (like shot 16), husband sitting on seat leaned against table speaking on telephone (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 22 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢interior of ro om (like shot 3) friend laughs on phone then wife gets up looking relieved and happy (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 23 (medium shot, straight on) †¢husband in same pose as in shot 21 continues to speak on the phone looking at his gun which is now pointed towards the ceiling (5 seconds). Cut to Shot 24 (title) †¢White text on black background that reads, â€Å"Determined upon suicide† (3 seconds) Shot 25 (medium shot, straight-on) friend and wife standing in the middle of interior of room (like shot 3), friend speaking on the phone and wife standing looking over shoulder (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 26 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢interior of room (like shot 16) with husband in same position as shot 21, continues to laugh and talk; still pointing gun to ceiling (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 27 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢friend and wife in same position as shot 25, friend getting angry, hands wife the telephone then exits to the left of shot. Wife speak on the phone w ith softer, happier expression (11 seconds).Cut to Shot 28 (Long shot, straight-on) †¢friend exits house, gets into car, then is briskly giving instructions to his driver pointing forward. The car drives off and exits to the right of the shot leaving a dust trail behind (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 29 (Medium shot, straight on) †¢Husband sitting in same position as shot 21 and continues to speak on the phone and absentmindedly play with his gun (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 30 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢interior of room (like shot 3), wife standing in the centre and continues to speak on the phone and occasionally smiling (5 seconds).Cut to. Shot 31 (long shot, straight on) †¢shows friend's car turning onto main road from left of shot and driving towards audience (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 32 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢interior of house (like shot 3) with wife in same position as shot 30. Wife now looks worried and is accentuating the things she is saying over t he phone (6 seconds). Cut to Shot 33 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢setting and husband in same position as shot 21. Husband laughs once and looks at his gun (4 seconds). Cut to Shot 34 (medium shot, straight-on) wife in interior of room (like shot 30) and continues to look worried in and disagree into the phone, but after starts smiling and calming down slightly (13 seconds). Cut to. Shot 35 (medium shot, straight on) †¢same as shot 29 (2 seconds). Cut to Shot 36 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢wife in interior of room (like shot 3) and continues to speak on the phone worriedly. She then puts the phone down and moves off screen from the right (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 37 (medium shot, straight on) †¢interior of room like shot 21, but the man stops speaking and puts the phone down (2 seconds). Cut to.Shot 38 (medium long shot, straight on) †¢interior like shot 3, wife frantically walking around room then moves off screen from the right (4 seconds). Cut to Shot 39 (medium long shot, straight-on) †¢interior of room which as a curtain on the right, a lot of empty space in the centre, a chair and a cabinet on the foreground to the right and a cabinet in the background on the left. The wife enters through the curtains on the left puts hand up and looks exhausted (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 40 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢husband sitting on a chair in the same interior of room as shot 16.He looks straight at the camera and thinks then proceeds to write something down on (8 seconds). Cut to. Shot 41 (long shot, straight on) †¢car driving on windy road at fast speed (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 42 (medium shot, straight on) †¢husband sitting in same interior of room as shot 16 holding telephone in one hand and the gun in the other (gun pointing towards viewer). His eyes get droopy and he looks from the gun straight to the camera then smiles slightly (10 seconds). Cut to. Shot 43 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢same interior of room as shot 39, wife looks panicked, maid enters frame rom right side carrying baby and they all exit through the curtain on the left of the frame (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 44 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢wife and maid holding baby enters interior of room (like shot 3) from right. Wife picks up phone looking worried still and maid and baby stand to her left looking concerned (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 45 (medium shot, slightly high angle) †¢interior of room (like shot 16) husband is still sitting looking at his gun, then something on the telephone catches his attention and he puts it to his ear (3 seconds). ut to. Shot 50 (medium shot, straight on) †¢same setting and positioning as shot 44. Wife puts phone to baby's ear and tries to get him/her to speak (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 51(medium shot, straight on) †¢same setting and positioning as shot 45, husbands looks more happy to hear the voice on the phone (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 52 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢sam e as shot 50 (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 53 (medium shot, straight on) †¢same setting and position as shot 51, husband looks relieved but sad. (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 54 (medium shot, straight on) same setting and shot as 44 wife tells maid and baby to leave, they exit to the left of the shot then wife continues to speak on the phone (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 56 (long shot, straight on) †¢shot of streets and car driving fast down in (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 57 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢same setting as shot 44. Wife standing in the centre of shot continues to speak on the phone (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 60 (medium shot, straight on) †¢same setting as shot 45, husband puts phone down and slowly brings gun up to temple (6 seconds). Cut to. Shot 61 (medium shot, straight on) Wife in same setting and position as shot 57. She continues to listen attentively to the phone, then has two shocks when she hears something on the phone. (12 seconds). Cut to. Shot 62 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢same setting and position as shot 60, husband takes fuming gun out of mouth slowly (2 seconds). Cut to . Shot 63 (medium shot, straight on) †¢same setting and positioning as shot 52. Wife now frantically speaking into phone (9 seconds). Cut to. Shot 64 (long shot, straight on) †¢Friend's car drives around the corner and parks in front of shop. He gets off quickly (3 seconds).Cut to. Shot 65 (medium long shot, straight on) †¢friend runs quickly through door at the background then exits through door on the left of screen (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 66 (medium long shot) †¢friend walks into interior of room (like shot 16) then slowly picks up friend by the head and then places him back down (15 seconds). Cut to. Shot 67 (medium shot, straight-on) †¢wife standing in the same interior as shot 63 speechless (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 68 (medium shot, straight on) †¢ same interior of room as shot 66 friend stares at dead husband and the n picks up telephone. Cut to.Shot 69 (medium shot, straight on) †¢Wife still speaking on the phone in interior of room like shot 63 (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 70 (medium shot, straight on) †¢friend in same position as shot 68 speaking on the telephone (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 71 (medium shot, straight on) †¢same as shot 69 (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 72 (medium shot straight on) †¢same as shot 70 (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 73 (medium Shot, Straight on) †¢same setting and position as shot 69, then wife puts telephone down and looks shocked and sad and exits to the right of the shot (13 seconds). Cut to. Shot 74 (long shot, straight on) same interior as shot 39, wife enters from right of shot, can see her profile, then she drops to the floor and her head is partially hidden between the cabinets in the background and foreground (12 seconds). Cut to. Shot 75 (title) †¢white writing on black background written, â€Å"The wife set free from her unfortunate alli ance† (6 seconds). Cut to. Shot 76 (medium long shot, slightly high angle) †¢interior of room, with lots of furniture, wife sitting on chair looking sad, friend enters from left of shot and give a huge bouquet of flower to wife, wife looks slightly happy and hopefully (32 seconds) Written Account of Death's Marathon† dir. D. W. Griffith. (1913) D. W. Griffith's â€Å"Death's Marathon† contain certain prominent stylist cinematic features which are evident through the repetitive use of mise-en-scene, specifically the setting and staging of each shot, editing, framing and the level and angle of each shot. Firstly, the mise-en-scene used in this extract of â€Å"Death's Marathon† are specific to the setting, props and movement of characters. In this clip, the settings evident mainly include the interior of rooms in houses or the landscape of the geographical location as evident with the long shots of the roads and town.These settings are used primarily to show that the story is focused around family and relationship issues as the problems that arise in the story include conflict between marital and business relations. Also, the each setting of the interior of rooms where shot with a short focal length (wide angle) which exaggerated the depth making the distance between the background and foreground seem greater. Apart from the setting, the props used help the viewers distinguish between each interior of the rooms. Also, in each setting there is a different alignment of chairs, desks etc. hich makes certain different props stand out; this allows for objects such as the telephone to become a motif prop. In regards to mise-en-scene, the movement of the character, or lack thereof, is another formal property which is largely evident in this extract because most of the movement is restricted to the small, central area of each shot creating an emphasis on the character's actions. Apart from being restrictive, the character's movement is als o The angle and distance of framing of the shot in this extract are all very imilar in the sense that most of the shots are either a straight on angle or has a slight hight angle. And the Apart from the miss-en-scene aspect of the extract, the specific editing used, combined with the shot length was another stylistic pattern that was evident. The extract did not have any use of transitions. It only cut from one shot to the next throughout. However, Griffith did use shot-reverse-shot technique when the characters were having a discussion over the telephone specifically when the wife was speaking with her husband leading up to his death.The build up to the climax (death of husband) used the shot-reverse-shot technique which includes using shots with shorter lengths (2 seconds each) to create a rhythmic beat, much like that of a heart beat. This slow shot length however is also balanced with longer shots (which lasted up to 12 seconds), more specifically evident after the death of the husband which mimicked the speechlessness of the wife. †¢ angle – straight on angle, medium + long shot (quite simple)

The Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Free Essays

The Pantheon Essays - Domes, Pantheon, Rome, Free Essays The Pantheon Introduction I chose to report on the pantheon because Ive seen pictures and I am also very fascinated by all the Roman monuments. I looked all around the internet and libraries. The Pantheon was very hard to find information about. It was very challenging but I found enough information to complete this report. This famous building stands in the business district of Romemuch as it was built some 18 centuries ago. Amazingly, it has withstood the ravages of both the elements and war permitting a firsthand view of a unique product constructed by Roman hands. Now, it is exposed to acid rain and fumes from passing automobiles and overshadowed by buildings of inferior taste; but, with trust in the future, the Pantheon will survive. Unrecognized, the design of this ancient concrete building reveals unparalleled features not encountered in modern design standards. Recent studies reveal several major cracks in the dome, but it still functions unimpaired. This condition will surely excite the curiosity of our structural engineers. The building was built entirely without steel reinforcing rods to resist tensile cracking, so necessary in concrete members, and for this concrete dome with a long span to last centuries is incredible. Today, no engineer would dare build this structure without steel rods! Modern codes of engineering practice would not permit such mischief. No investor with knowledge of concrete design would provide the funding. Additional constraints when attempting to build a structure as large as the Pantheon will be discussed later, but briefly they include the use of inadequate hand tools and unsafe lifting devices. I believe we can learn from this activity. Workers can build from a plan and can successfully use their proven practices only if construction quality controls are maintained. History tells us that the Pantheon is a Greek word meaning to honor all Gods (particularly the Olympian divinities). It is ironic that our building has existed throughout many wars while being dedicated to all Gods; one can readily perceive this to be a temple for our one God. And, the Church has claimed this holy structure as a resting place for its most famous Popes, so we continue to honor its magnificent divinity. The first incarnation of this ancient temple was built by Agrippa, the son-in-law of the Roman Emperor Augustus, about 27 B.C. Today, above the entrance carved in stone are the words M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERTIUM FECIT which is translated, Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it. Indeed, it is worth mentioning that Agrippa's engineering talents were used in building the famous Pont de Gard aqueduct in France. As with many cities, tragedy in the form of large fires such as those of 60, 64, 79, 100 and 110 A.D. seemed to strike Rome. Originally, many Roman buildings contained travertine (limestone rock) which easily cracked in fires. The first Pantheon was severely damaged and required replacement except for some parts of the lower porch section and foundation. The Pantheon was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian during the period 118 to 128 A.D. (a time given by Ward-Perkins).2 But the Ward-Perkins's period is disputed by, Lugli who said the building was started sometime after 123 A.D. and was finished by Emperor Pius about 140 A.D.3 However, most of the bricks were made and placed in the Pantheon in 123 A.D., a date that the maker stamped on his bricks. This was discovered in 1892 by the French archaeologist, George Chedanne. It appears the construction of the rotunda walls took a period of 4 to 5 years, and the dome required a like period because of its height and the meager tools the Romans used. This long construction period was fortunate as it gave this pozzolan concrete ample time to cure and gain strength. Was the second temple like the first? Yes, the fundamental principle of the old Roman religion required that the temples be rebuilt without changes in original form. Tradition required that the main entrance face north, and thus the whole building was oriented on the north-south axis of the building. A description of its structural features is separated into the configuration, foundation ring, circular walls, and dome to more clearly define various components. How these pieces are unique in view of today's design requirements will be discussed shortly. Body The Pantheon is one of the great spiritual