David Hume s Morality Of Suicide - 1722 Words

David Hume argues against those who oppose the morality of suicide. He approaches this discussion in a philosophical manner and disregards a superstitious mind set as he claims can lead to ‘false opinion’. A man of superstition is prevented from ending his life that is filled with extreme misery because a superstitious deposition adds to the fear of death rendering a man helpless from the control over his own destiny. â€Å"†¦when the menaces of superstition are joined to this natural timidity, no wonder it quite deprives men of all power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hume 292). Hume justifies his claim to the morality of suicide in three arguments; the first is not a demeanor to the duty of God, the second is not a demeanor to the duty to others and the third being not a demeanor to ourselves. Hume introduces his first argument by informing us that general laws of nature that God has created for all beings; animate and inanimate, govern our very existence and behaviour. ‘†¦the almighty Creator has established general and immutable laws by which all bodies from the greatest planet to the smallest particle of matter, are maintained in their proper sphere and function. (Hume 292). God governs animals by giving them ‘bodily and mental powers’ which controls or forces them onto the path they were destined. Hume argues that if a man filled with misery were to kill himself is justifiable because he is acting in accordance with these laws. The life that we are given follows the law of God and if we were to dieShow MoreRelatedKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthat lead to an individual to both reason and feel some sort of emotion. Objectively speaking, there is a no fine line between reasoning and how one feels, however ther e seems to be a distinct difference between the philosophers Immanuel Kant and David Hume views on the matter. Both are life changing philosophers with very opposing views. One sees the feelings in human nature while the other seems to see nothing but rationality. One can argue both are used but according to these two there is only oneRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of morality is the rules for right action and prohibitions against wrong acts. Sometimes morality is the single set of absolute rules and prohibitions that are valid for all men at all times and all societies. More loosely, a morality can be any set of ultimate principles, and there may be any number of moralities in different societies. Examples would be don’t cheat, don’t steal, and treat others as you would want to be treated. When dealing with the philosophers take on morality, there areRead MoreThe Murder Of Roger Ackroyd971 Words   |  4 PagesMorali ty refers to an individual s principles on the distinction between doing what is right and wrong. Morals vary across cultures, but there are several that are universally agreed upon. In the perspective of Enlightenment thinkers, the approach to morality is by affirming objective, universal laws and expressing a moral ideal. [Lecture] However, who decides what is right and wrong and how are morals formed? According to David Hume, reason alone cannot determine morality because reason restsRead MoreA Naturalistic Moral Theory Mill s Utilitarism Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesof the realm of personal autonomy. According to Kant’s view it is a duty to pursue your happiness through the use of reason which gives us the ability to choose our moral projects, as long as you’re not lying, breaking your promises, or committing suicide (or any other duty as determined by the categorical imperative formulations). Kant’s view emphasizes the importance of rationality, consis tency, impartiality, and respect for persons in the way we live our lives. If Kant is correct that moral absolutesRead MoreEssay on week2assignment1564 Words   |  7 Pagescannot limit freedoms of the citizens without forensic evidence. None of the above Study all 40 terms Study 0 î  terms only î   î â€š  Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when judging the morality of an action, but for utilitarians the sole criterion is the actions consequences. True î   î â€š  Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarians using to justify their actions? TheRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide - Good, Bad, Right, Or Wrong?1860 Words   |  8 Pages Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide – Good, Bad, Right, or Wrong? November 17, 2014 Jennifer Mullen South University Online Euthanasia is a term derived from a Greek word meaning happy or fortunate in death. It is most commonly used now to denote the merciful infliction of death [either actively or passively] to avoid torment in fatal and incurable disease, usually by consent of the patient or his family. Tribal Customs: There are accounts of tribes, ancient and moreRead MoreEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pagesunfair judgement on gothic writing during the romantic period. It is a genre that - at its best - can be a profound, complex and moving as any celebrated piece of Romantic literature. It was not until around 1960 that academics like Robert Hume rose to its defence. (Maybe its renewed popularity was something to do with the very unique socio-political situation in the 1960s echoing a the unique situation of the late eighteenth century, the heyday of the genre.) Since then thereRead MoreCriticisms Against Ethical Theories8474 Words   |  34 Pagescreate happiness... I suggest the reason that they are valued is precisely because they promote happiness. But, if they didnt, would we still value them? Does someone who suffers too much still value their life? Surely not, or else there would be no suicides. Do we value a friendship if we get no pleasure from it? On the contrary, it is more likely that we would define our friends as those people about whom we enjoyed being. And is it worthwhile learning and philosophising, if our knowledge is neverRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagespaper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether-David Editorial Director: Paul Ducham Managing Developmental Editor: Laura Hurst Spe ll Developmental Editor: Jane Beck Associate Marketing Manager: Jaime Halteman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Buyer: Kara Kudronowicz Design Coordinator: Margarite ReynoldsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Relationships Are Part Of The Society’S Life. As People

Relationships are part of the society’s life. As people tend to grow up, we get to know the feeling of attraction and being in love towards the opposite sex. However, some people choose to commit to not only one person, but to multiple relationships. This is called an open relationship. Open relationship is an interpersonal relationship where both parties agreed to be together but can develop relationships to other partners as well. Although this multiple commitment seems to be an easy-going and straightforward kind of relationship, conflicts may still arise through this kind of relationship. People are being more open to this kind of relationship, so often that other people think that this certain type of relationship is okay and is a†¦show more content†¦She finds the relationship unhealthy. Thus, she’s now into an open relationship because she does not want her past experience happen again. This is self-justification. We alter our recollections from the past , where we felt unhappy, ashamed angry or emabarrassed, in order to feel good with our past decisions and actions. To test our hypothesis, we will use the Experimental method, where we use scientific research. This is the most helpful method when it comes to determining causal relatons. In addition, we will be using basic research, as we are finding out why certain individuals behave the way they do and it is out of the researcher’s curiosity. The independent variable in this case is the satisfaction rate of open relationships, while the dependent variable is monogamous relationship. Our external validity is generalizability across people, because we conducted an experiment associating populations, and is a replication. With this method, we are conducting the probability level of both relationships. According to Multiamory, they surveyed 502 U.S adults (66% male from Open relationships and 45% from monogamous relationship) 24% of the Westerners Bonquin 3 are more open to non-monogamy, 21% from northeasterners, 19% from the Southerners and 18% from Midwesterners. Meaning, the percentage s from couples who does not allow open relationships areShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Women During The Middle East Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two films and the novel shared, there were also some differences that were representative of the diversity of how women lived and the kind of relationships they had with their male counterparts. These main differences were due mainly because of the wealth, social standing, and how adherent the men that these women had relationships with were to society’s expectations. First and foremost, wealth and social standing were essentially the main determining factors that were indicative of the livesRead MoreFigueroas Framework973 Words   |  4 Pagesan individual’s decision to participate in physical activity. These factors change throughout an individual’s life. For example, some children start playing sport because it is fun; others may join a sporting group because their older brother or sister plays that sport. A new sporting complex may open nearby and provide a chance to try a new sport. Coaching clinics might inspire some people to give a sport a go. Teachers can provide both positive and negative sporting experiences. At school, peersRead MoreAnalysis Of Annie Proulx s Brokeback Mountain 969 Words   |  4 Pagesnext 20 years in discrete locations to satisfy their hunger. In the end, the repression of society and the character’s actions reflect their hopeless homosexual relationship between Jack and Ennis for the audience to realize decision-making is easily influenced from the perception of others. As Jack and Ennis spend more time together, people will start to notice and expose them for who they truly are. The first issue rises since their boss has been watching them as they believed themselves invisibleRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Solo Hop1356 Words   |  6 PagesFor generations, society imprisoned people by declaring certain look or dress attire. Now, with the brand Solo Hop, any male individual can become a unique person rather than an identical collection assigned by others whom believe a certain look or dress attire is the way of life. Solo Hop is a brand that sells clothing for males who challenge society’s rules. My advertisement is incorporated in Maxim’s magazines, which targets single men between the ages of twenty and fifty (Maxim 10). This magazineRead MoreHofstedes Culture Dimensions Theory1112 Words   |  5 Pages What if I told you culture has a bigger role in your life than you think? Well according to Gerard Hendrik Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist, culture is an enormous factor when it comes to analyzing a society’s values and behavior. Hofstede traveled all over the globe and interviewed several employees on their values and with that he developed an immense database that analyzed the ways cultures differ from one another. Hofstede’s culture dimensions theory consists of six dimensions: power distanceRead MoreThe, Marx, Engels, And Freud s Views On Society And Inner Examination Of Self Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pageshumans examined the relationship of our place in society but they presented the concepts differently through outward examinations of the society and the inner examinations of self. Freud attempted to examine how our society viewed the human mind by turning society’s attention inward and exploring the mind’s inner secrets. One of the large discoveries Freud popularized in society was the concept of a conscious and unconscious part of the mind. He believed the unconscious part of the mind was theRead MoreHow the Western Concept of Marriage has Changed Essay990 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"In Western cultures, more than 90 percent of people marry by age 50. Studies show that healthy marriages are good for couples’ mental and physical health† (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). For children, growing up in happy homes help with their mental, physical, educational, and social well-being. Unfortunately, about 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The rate is even higher for subsequent marriages (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). The social institution influence (structural)Read MoreMorality In H uck Finn1339 Words   |  6 PagesThrough his conflict involving his relationships with Jim and society, Twain reveals that morality is formed through experience. Huck’s inner conflict reveals Twain’s attitude that for those who are open-minded, morality is shaped through experience rather than through society’s influence. Huck’s conflict concerning his relationship with Jim reveals Twain’s attitude that for those who are open-minded, morality is shaped through experience rather than through society’s influence. Huck comes across JimRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1113 Words   |  5 PagesThe Problem†¨ As Karl Marx once said, â€Å"religion is the opiate of the masses†. Marx viewed religion as a drug which gives people the comfort and happiness they need. Just like money, he believed that religion is a destructive force which puts people under a spell to maintain control over them. During the Jazz Age, America had an economic growth which swept americans to become part of a â€Å"consumer society†. Throughout this period of time, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote many modernist novels, including TheRead MoreDavid Ives Sure Thing799 Words   |  4 Pagestwo strangers who meet, fall in love and live happily ever after. When analyzed in more depth, the play is actually about the struggle that exists between one’s desire to be an individual and the need to conform, to a certain degree, in order to be part of a couple. The play exposes and discusses the tension that exists between the value of being an individual and value associated with being in love. Love holds the pr omise that you will always having someone there for you and that you will always

Al-Qaeda In Iraq Free Essays

Al-qaeda is an Arabic word also written as Al-qaida. It is a network of international alliance of Islamic militant group. Abdullah Yusuf Azzam who was later replaced by Osama bin Laden formed the organization in 1988. We will write a custom essay sample on Al-Qaeda In Iraq or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other veteran Arabs from Afghanistan joined the leadership after the soviet war in Afghanistan. Al-qaeda network advances Islamic fundamentalism by carrying out attacks and disrupting western countries influences to the Islamic states. Al-qaeda finances and trains various radical Islamic groups that oppose western countries ideologies especially the United States of America and Britain. Al-qaeda groups or network have various operational bases in more than fifty countries in the world. Al-qaeda uses force, intimidation and instilling fear to attain their goals. They carry out acts of terrorism (an act or a threat against civilian life) aimed at attaining political, economical and religious goals. Al-qaeda aims at ending foreign influence in Islamic states by creating a new Islamic caliphate or authority. The Al-qaeda network is very active in countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. History of al-qaeda Al-qaeda was founded in the late 1980’s as an alliance of Islamic militia group with an aim of expanding Islamic fundamentalism. Al-qaeda has it roots during the Afghanistan’s soviet occupations. Anti-Muslim afghan guerillas (mujahidin), the afghan government and soviet forces were involved in the conflict. The Soviet invasion sparked the afghan resistance. The Afghan government was supported by the USA, China and Saudi Arabia. Mujahidin came from the Middle East to Afghanistan to assist their fellow Muslims in the war. Osama bin laden was the main financier he started recruiting Muslims around the world to join the group. The recruited army in there thousands defeated the soviet forces making them withdrew from Afghanistan. Osama bin laden later founded an organization that could help veterans of Afghans war; this comprised the bases of Al-qaeda. (Biri A. 2001). Bin laden and other radical Islamic thinkers at that time had been organizing Al-qaeda in the Iraq invasion to Kuwait in 1990. The Saudi government had allowed the United States government to station a military base in Saudi Arabia. This was very outrageous to Laden and the radical group. Osama was later expelled from Saudi Arabia by opposing the government. Al- qaeda basis shifted from Saudi Arabia to Khartoum in Sudan, their first task against the interest of the United States of America was in Somalia where they attacked the U. S army during the Somalia crisis. Further attacks perpetrated by al-qaeda followed. In august 1996 bin laden issued a â€Å"declaration of war† against the U. S. A Al- qaeda and radical Islamic group had worked together to alliance in their acts of terrorism against western influence on Islamic interests. Osama shifted his base from Sudan to Afghanistan in 1994 after the U. S had put pressure on the Khartoum government to expel him. Osama joined the Talibans in Saudi Arabia where al-qaeda established military bases in mountains. In Iraq the main objective of the Al-qaeda organization is the governing of Iraq. After president Sadaam Hussein was brought down from power by the U. S. A who sent thousands of troops to help in putting in place the government in Iraq. Al-qaeda was against the US invasion of Iraq. According to the U. S government, Al- qaeda wanted to be seen as a legitimate political organization in Iraq. Al-qaeda in Iraq is composed of both Sunni Iraq members plus other foreign members who wage jihad or holy war. This group was formed in 2004, but it is not clear, who founded it in Iraq between Bin Laden and Nusab Al Zarqawi. The group had been a force behind the violence and civil war between the Shiites and Sunnis. They accuse the US government of murdering innocent civilians in their â€Å"war on terror†. The Al-Qaeda has been behind many attacks in Iraq against the U. S government interests. Insurgency in Iraq is still continuing up to now. Members of the group had shifted to other bases where they mastermind suicide bomb attacks. Other military organizations had joined Al-Qaeda in Iraq in their activities. Abu Musab al-zarqawi from Jordan had affiliated with Al-qaeda in Iraq. He joined the Al-qaeda in Iraq and threatened the U. S government over its interest in Iraq. The group had killed many U. S army personnel and they are believed to have killed ordinary Iraq civilians. The group continues to instigate violence in Iraq despite the U. S government efforts on war on terror by president Bush administration. Al-qaeda is against the U. S invasion of Iraq. Members of the terrorist group had carried out many suicide attacks, kidnapping and even shooting their perceived enemy. The leadership of al-qaeda The leadership of Al-qaeda in Iraq, according to some sources from Jihad’s was put under Abu Ayyub Al Masri in 2006. This is following the death of its former leader Musab Al Zarqawi. Al Masri is considered as lacking good military organization that he relies on his intellectual abilities (Hajez M. 2007 p. 136-147). Al-qaeda in Iraq is composed of both Sunni Iraq members and the jihads (foreigners who came to aid in Jihad war). Osama bin Laden is the top active leader of the Al-qaeda group. The leadership coordinates with others groups; Al-qaeda group of jihad in Iraq, Al-qaeda in land of the two rivers plus others. Through the official statement of the U. S government, Abu Musab Al Zarqawi forms the top leadership responsible for the insurgency in Iraq. It is believed that the leadership organizes and masterminds attacks on civilians and U. S troops. It is also believed that the leadership of Al-Qaeda in Iraq composes other foreign terrorist and senior Al- Qaeda leadership. The U. S administration believes that Abu-Musab Al Zarqawi was not an Iraq even his successor Abu Ayyub Al Masri. The leadership of Al-queda is decentralized. There is collaboration between Al-qaeda senior leaders and Al- qaeda leaders in Iraq. The leader’s role is to finance, command, advice, and make bombs including others roles in the group. The leadership also provides intelligent information’s and facilitates its operations. They have their former headquarter in Fallujah in Iraq. Various operations they have performed: The al qaeda has claimed responsibility of the chlorine bombings in Iraq in mosques. The group also is targeting wealth people by kidnapping and killing their family members when they fail to remit ‘protection’ fee. They are also inciting violence by causing hatred among the Shiites and Shia groups to cause civil war. What were the targets of the operations? Al-qaeda operates in Iraq but it is limited in the broad Middle East. They play actively in the Iraq insurgency. Their deputy leader, Ayman alzawahiri, in July 2005 through a letter indicated four plans in expanding the war in Iraq. They were to expel US forces out of Iraq and an Islamic authority put in place. Other missions were to spread the Iraq conflict to their neighbors and fight with Israel. Al-qaeda in Iraq (AOQ) created an organization called mujahidee shura council in January 2006. This was to unite the Sunni insurgents in Iraq. However, this attempt failed due to the methods they used against civilians and their extreme fundamentalists doctrines. Alqaeda is the most feared organization; experts regard it as an enemy of the US. Al-qaeda is associated with terrorist’s activities in Iraq that targets international forces and civilians. The US government holds that they have an extended network to other parts of the world especially the Islamic states although there operations are based in Iraq. In 2005, Al-qaeda is believed to be responsible for about more than 1800 attacks in Mosul city in Iraq; they were aiming at Iraq forces and coalition government. They use bombs and other explosives in their suicide attacks. They mainly targeted Iraq security forces, Shiite militaries and the US troops. The group was responsible for the killing of 35 children and seven adults in Baghdad in September 2004. The bombs were directed at the US forces. In the same year on December 19, they had bombed a Shiite funeral procession killing about 60. Their attacks were aimed at Iraq security forces, civilians and the Iraq government. In 2005 they carried out and co-coordinated suicide attacks including the Sheraton Ishtar and Palestine hotel in Baghdad during the Iraq elections. (Napoleni L. 2005) They claimed responsibility of killing of Ihab Al-Sherif an Egyptian envoy to Iraq; they also killed many unemployed Shiite workers in Baghdad. They had abducted and executed American soldiers. In 2006, many of the top leadership were captured and killed by US army. They had carried on with their attack such as the 23rd March 2007, assassination attempts of the Iraq deputy Prime Minister Salam al-zaubai a Sunni. They had claimed responsibility of the Iraq parliament bombing in April 12 2007. The execution of the three US force soldiers in May the same year. Activities of Al –qaeda in Iraq, have received negative publicity due to attacks and intimidation against the civilian’s making it lack local support. The Sunni militias had abandoned them and joined the government and US forces. Many of their leaders have been captured and killed making their activities crippled. The Al-qaeda had been involved in other operations outside Iraq; in April 2004 they claimed responsibility of the chemical bomb plot in Jordan. They had also targeted Israel in December 2005 by firing rockets from Lebanon. They are also implicated with 2006 train bombing plot in Germany. What were the goals of the operations? Al-qaeda in Iraq had an aim of expelling all the U. S soldiers and their allied forces. In July2005, top Al-qaeda leadership had urged that the entire US soldier to withdraw from Iraq. They had threatened to carry military operations and executions; they perceive the US as the enemy who must leave the Islamic state. The group also had an aim in the governance of Iraq. The Al –qaeda in Iraq had wanted to form a political group that would be the legitimate political organization in Iraq. They had wanted to fight and overthrow the existing government. Al-qaeda aims to control key areas in the economic, political and religious sector in Baghdad. They want to portray that the Iraq government has failed to expel the US army, by discrediting the government they aims at removing people support. It aimed at initiating conflict between the Shia and Sunni Muslims. This would force the USA to take a neutral stand and depart from Iraq. This would enable them to establish their rule in Iraq. Al-qaida in Iraq wanted to spread propaganda through the media that, the coalition forces and the government of Iraq were attacking the Sunni Islam. They wanted the Sunnis to join their side, portraying themselves to defend rights of those who are oppressed. This would give them a positive image to the Sunni Islamic group. Part of their aim was to spread propaganda that the Iraq social-economic problems were the government responsibility. They regarded themselves as an organization that can free Iraq’s from their problems. (Hoofman B. 2004). It was also believed that operations of Al-qaeda in Iraq involved bringing foreign fighters and terrorist in order to kill innocent civilians to encourage hatred between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Abu Hamza Al-Muhajir an Al-qaeda leader in Iraq through his message said that they aimed at creating an Islamic state in Iraq. They were willing to die for God’s sake â€Å"there is no rule but that of Allah†. The attacking and killing of the Sunni by al-qaeda in Iraq was aimed to compel them to join their group and withdraw the support of the US forces. â€Å"Dedicate yourself to fighting the true enemy in order to avoid opening up new fronts against the Sunni Arabs† (Abu Hamza al Muhajer), they attempted to portray the US as a common enemy. What were the ideologies of this group? Al-qaeda in Iraq was organized and carried its operation on basis of different ideologies. They had issued a manifesto calling for violence and destruction of American empire. They had vowed to continue with the insurgency and destroy America. Their ideologies were religiously based â€Å"we vow by the name of God and we are determined to destroy the American empire†. They believed that attacking the United States was a call from God. They believed that that who dies in their mission becomes a saint. Their leader Abu Musab al- zarqawi had justified their violent means through audio messages. Al-qaeda called for all Muslims to start attacking their enemies in Iraq and their associates. They believed that through Islam their faith, no harm would be inflicted on true Muslims. Shedding blood of a true Muslim would lead to destruction of the whole world. The attack against Americans and aides in Iraq was an order from God. It was a holy war or jihad to bring justice and glory in the world. They calls for those betraying them to repent, by collaborating with their enemy all they deserve is to have their neck cut. Al-qaeda through their documents, vows that insurgency will not end soon, they believe that Islam is the only true religion in the world. It is their duty to have Allah worshiped. The Al-qaeda beliefs that the US government wants to seek control of the region through the assistance of the Iraq government. It argues that those who oppose and fight the group are enemies of Islam. Their ideologies hold that the American government wanted to control the region to access oil wells. Osama bin laden through a video tape on December 29 2007, said that the Iraq government had â€Å"agreed to having large American bases on Iraq land and giving the Americans all the Iraq oil they may wish† Muslims perceive the war in Iraq widely as a war on Islam giving strength to al-qaeda’s ideology, Islamic sympathizers of the group are now trying to support the idea of universal holy war on western world and their allies. Al-qaeda sympathizers are justifying the acts of terrorism by using propaganda about the Iraq war. This is evidence in Madrid bombing in 2004 and London attacks in transport network to oppose the invasion of Iraq. Conclusion The Al-qaeda networks’ operating in all over the world seems to be well-organized coordinated and funded group. Al-qaeda in Iraq has escalated more violence in the country. The group has forged alliances with other front in order to work together against their perceived common enemy. According to them the enemy must be defeated by all mean, as it is the will of God. These militia groups have threatened peace in the world. They have claimed responsibility for various attacks in the world; the issue of terrorism in the world needs to look at carefully to avert more acts of death and hatred. The world should not draw too much conclusion about Al-qaeda and war in Iraq. This is to avert from having propaganda war, whose truth cannot be determined thus sparking more conflict. (US state report on terrorism) Work cited Biri Abdel, The secret History of Al-Qaeda, 1998. Bruce Hoffman, Insurgency and Countersurgency in Iraq, 2004. Hajez Mohammed; Suicide Bombers In Iraq: The strategy and Ideology of Martyrdom, 2007. Napoleni Lorreta; Insurgent Iraq: The Al-zarqawi and The New Generation, 2005. The United State Department Country Report on Terrorism, 2005. How to cite Al-Qaeda In Iraq, Papers

Reflections on Mental Health in Adults-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Reflections on Mental Health in Adults. Answer: Introduction: As we age, the efficiency of our body systems slows down. Our mental health too, suffers in a way. However, while the problems of our body systems can be deducted through various tests and technologically advanced processes, the degrading mental health is slow to deduct, and sometimes too late to recover completely. Some of the old age problems, such as dementia, loss of clarity in thinking processes or degrading memory power are only ignored with a notion that they are the signs of advancing years. This is where one might go wrong in identifying the clear distress signals that the people of advanced years (or even in middle age) tend to communicate. Knowledge and proper vigilance by the care givers, can alter this trend, and get them under proper medical supervision. (Stevenson, 2013). This work is a reflection of my own experience in the field of pathophysiology of mental health in adults and how or where the present day techniques can be applied to enhance my work experience. Dementia Care Treatments in Adults: Often than not, adults approach us with various other complaints, such as not getting enough sleep or palpitations due to anxiety and weight issues. While not every case is a sure sign of mental illness, many of these are, sadly, due to deteriorating mental health. Some of the signs that we look for in patients include: Sudden disturbance in sleeping pattern Mood swings Substance abuse (related to psychological problems) Depression Changes in normal behaviour Most of these symptoms are not immediately deducted, although they have started long before a person comes for medical intervention. However, in several cases, even after feeling helpless and anxious, the patients do not approach for medical help due to the stigma attached to mental illness. (Conner, 2010). In case of dementia, however, the signs are slow and sometimes related to diseases like stroke. Some of the symptoms include: Loss of memory (here again, the intensity may differ) Language and communication Problem to focus or pay attention Perception of vision Judgement and reasoning (Dementia- Signs, symptoms and Diagnosis) Hence, in cases where they approach the experts for treatment, it is essential to have a one-on- one interview with the patient to review the aspects of their condition. Mental illness cannot be chunked to one particular box, with fixed symptoms. Each and every patient (subject) differs in their predicament, and each has their own complications. It is, therefore the responsibility of the experts, psychologists and other medical health professionals get to the root cause of the problem before dealing with sufficient solution. Many a times, in our practise, it becomes extremely difficult to get the person to agree to the consultation with an expert, since the term mental illness is still a taboo in various communities. The problem becomes further complex, when children (dependents) are smaller, and do not have means to fend for them. According to a study, almost 21-23% of children live with at least one parent who suffers from mental illness in Australia. (Goodyear, 2015). With such parental concerns, and also the stigma, people hesitate to approach, or outright avoid issues concerning their mental health, leading to aggravations, and dire situations, wherein experts need to keep them under observation for a long time. As an observer in the field of mental health, I have often noted that those patients, who come to us voluntarily, or through the help of family, have a better way of overcoming their problems. It is also often a combined effort of the primary caregiver (mostly a loved one), mental health specialist and health care professionals to bring the patients back to their happy self. (Stevenson, 2013). The major issue with older adults that one faces is with dementia. Alzemers disease, dementia, are problems which are commonly noted in older adults, and require a lot more care, and for a longer time frame. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by the death of brain cells (MacGill, 2017). Since dementia can be categorized into many forms, depending upon their severity and causes, the first and foremost one does is to identify the type. Treatment of dementia again is a challenge, since it is not only the patients (usually older adults at the age of 60 and above), but also their loved ones who might have to face the trauma of dealing with the illness. Reflections on Mental Health in Adults: Research suggests that mental health is often associated with other diseases in older adults, such as heart conditions, stroke and so on, which curtails them from their favourite activities. This leads to depression, and behavioural changes in them, leading to mental health problems. Every year, more and more people (of age group 55 and above) come with such problems, which makes it difficult for the primary care givers to deal with them at home. Dementia itself claims one tenth of people above the age of 65 years. (McGill, 2017). While drugs like Oestrogen, folate and vitamin B12 are said to be advantageous in decreasing the cell degradation, (and sometimes in reviving the cells), other methods such as efficient care works out to be more efficient. (Australia A) According to a study of frequency and quality of dementia care in Australian adults, it is seen that only 39% came voluntarily to help, while 26% were treated according to the evidences seen by the professionals. While the other 16% received very less treatment, the rest 19% went undetected. (Harris et.al., 2015). This clearly shows the reluctance in adults to approach health care facilities for treatment or that they simply ignore and (or) unaware of their mental health conditions. Where do we need to make the change? Do we require a mental illness measurement indicator in hospitals to trap problems at its initial level? The study in the US suggests that the primary care settings can make a significant effort in identifying problems initially and then refer it to the relevant departments for further treatment. (Goodrich et. al, 2014). However, here too, one might encounter resistance in the patients, who might not want to take further help, from a mental health care professional. Therein lies the problem of social stigma attached to mental illness and dementia. Mental health is such that unless the patient (adult) themselves can come forward to seek help or let their loved ones to interfere on their behalf, (in case of dementia), it is extremely difficult to start treatment. Cooperating with the professionals is one of the primary and significant aspects of mental health care, and without it, the whole endeavour may not be successful. Summary: Increasing cases of mental health are a serious concern. What with todays stress filled lifestyle and so little time to care for the elders, many of the patients (in their older age) are left to fend for themselves, leading to dementia. Only a combined attempt of the primary care givers, the medical professional who is treating them for other illness and also the family members can make a change in the treatment. Since mental illness such as dementia and Alzheimer's is not a sudden occurrence, but something that will develop slowly, an earlier mediation can help the patients recover faster. Adults over the age of 55 especially, and with illness such as heart problems or arthritis and with curtailed movements need to be more carefully watched for symptoms of mental illness. Although there is no sure way to determine the mental health of a person, and dementia is slow to recognise, a consulting physician or a primary care giver (who has been seeing a person for a longer time) can identify the symptoms and bring it to the notice of an expert to make a change in their lives. References: Stevenson, S. 2013. 10 Symptoms of Mental Illness in the Elderly. 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E., Diminic, S., Siskind, D. J., Whiteford, H. A. 2015. Frequency and quality of mental health treatment for affective and anxiety disorders among Australian adults. Med J Aust, vol. 202, no. 4, pp. 185-189. Goodyear, M., Hill, T.-L., Allchin, B., McCormick, F. (2015). Standards of practice for the adult mental health workforce: Meeting the needs of families where a parent has a mental illness. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. Available at https://tandemcarers.org.au/images/Goodyear_2015.pdf [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] National Institute of Mental Health 2016. Older Adults and Mental Health. Available at https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/older-adults-and-mental-health/index.shtml [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] MacGill, M. 2017. Dementia: Symptoms, treatments, and causes. Available at https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/142214.php [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] Australia, A. 2014. Use of other therapeutic treatments. Available at https://www.fightdementia.org.au/national/about-dementia/how-is-dementia-treated/use-of-other-therapeutic-treatments [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017] Alzheimer's Association 2017. Dementia - Signs, Symptoms Diagnosis. Available at https://www.alz.org/what-is-dementia.asp [Accessed on 21st Aug 2017]